Nokea
Which of the following is the indication for glucocorticoid prescribing?
- A. Cataract
- B. Prevention of respiratory distress
- C. Hypofunction of thyroid gland
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids are used to prevent respiratory distress, particularly in preterm infants, by promoting lung maturation.
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Oral rehydration solution has been employed in following EXCEPT:
- A. Severe vomiting
- B. Burn cases
- C. Heat stroke
- D. Diarrhoea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used in diarrhea, burns, and heat stroke to replace fluids and electrolytes, but severe vomiting limits its effectiveness due to inability to retain it.
Which of the following statements about leukotriene pathway inhibitors in
- A. They are more potent anti-inflammatory agents than corticosteroids
- B. Have less side effects than corticosteroids
- C. Are contraindicated in children below 10 years of age
- D. Have no role in aspirin induced asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotriene inhibitors have fewer side effects than corticosteroids.
Lactacidosis is most frequent in the cases of:
- A. While treated with acarbose
- B. While treated with glibenclamid
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the most common cause of lactic acidosis among antidiabetic drugs, particularly in renal failure.
The nurse uses what term to describe the drug level required to have a therapeutic effect?
- A. Critical concentration
- B. Dynamic equilibrium
- C. Selective toxicity
- D. Active transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A critical concentration of a drug must be present before a reaction occurs within the cells to bring about the desired therapeutic effect. A dynamic equilibrium is obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body to have a critical concentration. Selective toxicity is the ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport is the process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney.
A doctor orders 250 mL of IV fluid to be infused over 1 hour using microdrip tubing (60 gtt/mL). What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 100 gtt/min
- B. 120 gtt/min
- C. 150 gtt/min
- D. 250 gtt/min
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Flow rate = (250 mL 60 gtt/mL) ÷ (1 60) = 15,000 ÷ 60 = 250 gtt/min, matching microdrip where mL/hr = gtt/min.