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Hypoglycemia can result from the action of either insulin or an oral hypoglycemic. Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
- A. Fruity' breath odor and rapid respiration
- B. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and hypertension
- C. Dizziness, confusion, diaphoresis, and tachycardia
- D. Easy bruising, palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and coma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypoglycemia presents with neuroglycopenic (dizziness, confusion) and adrenergic (diaphoresis, tachycardia) symptoms.
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Hepatitis B vaccine is contraindicated in patients who:
- A. Were born after less than 32 weeks gestation (give first dose at age 6 months)
- B. Are pregnant
- C. Are on hemodialysis
- D. Are allergic to yeast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hepatitis B vaccine is contraindicated in yeast allergy (it's yeast-derived); prematurity , pregnancy , or dialysis are not.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for Dextromethorphan to suppress a cough. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Anxiety
- C. Sedation
- D. Palpitations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dextromethorphan can cause sedation , a common side effect of this cough suppressant.
Teaching the patient/caregiver about her or his medications is an important step in reducing the risk of medication errors. What is an important teaching point about medications?
- A. Speak up and ask questions.
- B. Store medications in a warm humid place.
- C. Adjust your medication according to how you feel
- D. take medication wen in pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Asking questions and keeping a medication list empower patients to reduce errors; warm storage and self-adjustment are incorrect.
The ganglion blocking drugs act by
- A. Competing with acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions
- B. Preventing release of acetylcholine
- C. Preventing nerve conduction in post ganglionic segment
- D. Preventing catecholamine release or inactivating it
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ganglion blockers (e.g., hexamethonium) prevent acetylcholine release at ganglia.
You are gathering assessment data from a medication history of a 38-year-old male with four children. What assessment information would be most important in providing care for this patient?
- A. The medication history of the patient's mother and/or father
- B. The name of the patient's pharmacy
- C. Insurance, financial support, and stability for the patient and his family
- D. The last time the patient was hospitalized
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insurance and financial stability impact access to medications and adherence, critical for a 38-year-old with family responsibilities.