Nokea
A patient will be receiving famotidine 20 mg at bedtime. A liquid form is ordered because the patient cannot swallow pills or capsules; the concentration of the liquid is 40 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters will the patient receive per dose?
Correct Answer: 2.5 mL
Rationale: 40 mg : 5 mL :: 20 mg : x mL; (40 * x) = (5 * 20); 40x = 100; x = 2.5 mL/dose.
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The nurse is performing an assessment of a patient. Which assessment findings may indicate a higher risk for genetic disorders?
- A. The patient's father was diagnosed with heart disease at 60 years of age.
- B. The patient's mother was diagnosed with breast cancer at 33 years of age.
- C. The patient's grandfather died of a cerebral vascular accident at 78 years of age.
- D. The patient's sister has a history of both renal and lung cancer.
- E. The patient has two uncles and a grandparent who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: The nurse should assess for factors that may indicate a risk for genetic disorders. A few examples of factors that may indicate a risk for genetic disorders are a higher incidence of a particular disease or disorder in the patient's family than in the general population; diagnosis of a disease in family members at an unusually young age; or diagnosis of a family member with an unusual form of cancer or with more than one type of cancer. The options regarding heart disease at 60 years of age and cerebral vascular accident at 78 years of age are not factors that indicate a higher risk for genetic disorders.
The nurse is asking a patient about his family history as part of an assessment. Which component is included in an effective family history?
- A. Asking the patient about the current and past health status of the patient's children
- B. Covering at least three generations of family history
- C. Obtaining a family history of the patient's spouse
- D. Asking about the family history for the patient's siblings and parents only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The family history is most effective if it covers at least three generations and includes the current and past health status of each family member. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is asking a patient about his drug history, and the patient states, - Whenever I take any strong pain medications, I usually sleep for hours, I have no idea why that happens!! The nurse considers that which of these is true about this patient's statement?
- A. The patient is exaggerating about a normal side effect of pain medications.
- B. The patient's reaction to pain medications may point to a difference in his ability to metabolize certain drugs.
- C. The patient will need higher doses of medication for pain control.
- D. The patient should never receive strong pain medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is important to inquire about any unusual reactions to a drug - on the part of the patient, family members, significant others, and/or caregivers. An unusual or other than expected reaction to a drug in family members may point to a difference in the patient's ability to metabolize certain drugs. Genetic factors may alter a patient's metabolism of a particular drug, resulting in either increased or decreased drug action. The other statements are not correct.
The nurse is explaining the Human Genome Project to colleagues. Which of these is the main purpose of the Human Genome Project?
- A. The study of genetic diseases
- B. The study of genetic traits in humans
- C. The discovery new genetic diseases
- D. To describe the entire genome of a human being
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Human Genome Project was undertaken to describe in detail the entire genome of a human being. The other options do not describe the Human Genome Project.
The nurse is discussing gene therapy in a continuing education class. Which is the best definition of eugenics?
- A. The use of gene therapy to prevent disease
- B. The development of new drugs based on gene therapy
- C. Intentional selection, before birth, of genotypes that are considered more desirable than others
- D. The determination of genetic factors that influence a person's response to medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eugenics is the intentional selection of genotypes, before birth, that are considered more desirable than others, and it is a major ethical issue concerning gene therapy. The other options do not describe eugenics.