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The nurse is preparing a class on gene therapy for a group of students. Which statements about gene therapy are true?
- A. The FDA must review and approve all human clinical genetic trials.
- B. Gene therapy may involve creating new genes within a human.
- C. Gene therapy may involve replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy of the gene.
- D. Some trials involve introducing a new gene into the body to help fight disease.
- E. Gene therapy may include inactivating a mutated gene that is not functioning properly.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Gene therapy may include: Replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy of the gene; introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease; inactivating a mutated gene that is functioning improperly. In addition, the FDA must review and approve all human clinical genetic trials. Gene therapy does not include creating new genes.
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A patient has just been told that she has the genetic markers for a severe type of breast cancer. After the patient meets with the physician, the patient's daughter asks the nurse, -What did the doctor tell my mother? She seems upset.I What is the nurse's best response?
- A. I'm sorry, but I'm not allowed to discuss that.
- B. The physician will discuss this with you.
- C. It seems that your mother has the genetic markers for a type of breast cancer.
- D. This is information that your mother will need to discuss with you.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maintaining privacy and confidentiality is of utmost importance during genetic testing and counseling. The patient (not the nurse or the physician) is the one who decides whether to include or exclude any family members from the discussion and from knowledge of the results of genetic testing. Telling the patient's daughter that you are not allowed to discuss the matter would cause more anxiety. Telling the daughter about the genetic markers would be a violation of the patient's privacy.
The nurse is explaining the Human Genome Project to colleagues. Which of these is the main purpose of the Human Genome Project?
- A. The study of genetic diseases
- B. The study of genetic traits in humans
- C. The discovery new genetic diseases
- D. To describe the entire genome of a human being
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Human Genome Project was undertaken to describe in detail the entire genome of a human being. The other options do not describe the Human Genome Project.
The nurse is performing an assessment of a patient. Which assessment findings may indicate a higher risk for genetic disorders?
- A. The patient's father was diagnosed with heart disease at 60 years of age.
- B. The patient's mother was diagnosed with breast cancer at 33 years of age.
- C. The patient's grandfather died of a cerebral vascular accident at 78 years of age.
- D. The patient's sister has a history of both renal and lung cancer.
- E. The patient has two uncles and a grandparent who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: The nurse should assess for factors that may indicate a risk for genetic disorders. A few examples of factors that may indicate a risk for genetic disorders are a higher incidence of a particular disease or disorder in the patient's family than in the general population; diagnosis of a disease in family members at an unusually young age; or diagnosis of a family member with an unusual form of cancer or with more than one type of cancer. The options regarding heart disease at 60 years of age and cerebral vascular accident at 78 years of age are not factors that indicate a higher risk for genetic disorders.
The nurse is asking a patient about his family history as part of an assessment. Which component is included in an effective family history?
- A. Asking the patient about the current and past health status of the patient's children
- B. Covering at least three generations of family history
- C. Obtaining a family history of the patient's spouse
- D. Asking about the family history for the patient's siblings and parents only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The family history is most effective if it covers at least three generations and includes the current and past health status of each family member. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is discussing gene therapy in a continuing education class. Which is the best definition of eugenics?
- A. The use of gene therapy to prevent disease
- B. The development of new drugs based on gene therapy
- C. Intentional selection, before birth, of genotypes that are considered more desirable than others
- D. The determination of genetic factors that influence a person's response to medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eugenics is the intentional selection of genotypes, before birth, that are considered more desirable than others, and it is a major ethical issue concerning gene therapy. The other options do not describe eugenics.