Adult Health Nursing First Chapter Quizlet

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A patient with a chronic viral infection demonstrates persistently elevated levels of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in their blood. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for this observation?

  • A. Activation-induced cell death (AICD)
  • B. T cell exhaustion
  • C. Thymic involution
  • D. Antigenic variation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction that arises during chronic viral infections or cancer. In the case of a chronic viral infection, the persistent exposure to viral antigens leads to continuous stimulation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Over time, this sustained stimulation can lead to T cell exhaustion, characterized by the upregulation of inhibitory receptors, impaired effector functions, and reduced proliferative capacity. As a result, despite the elevated levels of CD8+ T cells in the blood, their function may be compromised, ultimately impacting the immune response against the viral infection. In contrast, activation-induced cell death (AICD) may contribute to T cell loss during chronic infections but would not explain the persistently elevated CD8+ T cell levels. Thymic involution refers to the age-related decline in thymus function, which is not directly related to the observed increase in CD8+ T cells. Antigenic

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A patient is prescribed a loop diuretic for the management of heart failure. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with loop diuretic therapy?

  • A. Hypercalcemia
  • B. Hypokalemia
  • C. Hypernatremia
  • D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Loop diuretics such as furosemide are commonly prescribed for the management of heart failure to reduce fluid overload and lower blood pressure by increasing the excretion of sodium and water. These medications promote the loss of potassium through increased urinary output. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in the blood, is the most common electrolyte imbalance associated with loop diuretic therapy. Potassium is an essential electrolyte for proper functioning of the heart, muscles, and nerves. Low potassium levels can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Patients on loop diuretics are often monitored for potassium levels, and sometimes potassium supplements may be prescribed to prevent or correct hypokalemia.

The toddlers years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The toddles is a child _______ months old.

  • A. 6 to 12
  • B. 36 to 48
  • C. 9 to 36
  • D. 12 to 36
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Toddlers are typically children who are 1 to 3 years old. In this context, the toddlers are children in the age range of 9 to 36 months old. This period is marked by significant cognitive, emotional, and social development as children in this age group start to explore their environments, develop their language skills, begin to understand emotions, and interact with others. It is a crucial stage in a child's development where they start becoming more independent and forming their own identities.

When a patient has pneumothorax, the nurse's assessment findings will likely reveal _______. I. absent breadth sounds on the affected side II. Decreased chest expansion unilaterally III. Sharp chest pain IV. Burning chest pain

  • A. I, II, III
  • B. I, II, IV
  • C. III & IV
  • D. I & II
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pneumothorax is a condition characterized by the presence of air in the pleural space surrounding the lungs, which can lead to lung collapse. The nurse's assessment findings in a patient with pneumothorax are typically as follows:

As a nurse manager, which nursing action should do to let the staff imbibe the culture of quality at the health center?

  • A. Become a role model
  • B. Reprimand every now and then
  • C. Frequent meetings
  • D. Allow them to read books
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: As a nurse manager, the most effective way to let the staff imbibe the culture of quality at the health center is to become a role model. Leading by example is a powerful way to influence behavior and attitudes within a team. By demonstrating a commitment to quality in your own work, behavior, and decision-making, you set a positive example for your staff to follow. This proactive approach creates a culture of quality that is more likely to be embraced by the team as they see it being consistently demonstrated by their leader. This can result in improved staff morale, motivation, and overall performance in delivering quality care to patients. Additionally, being a role model fosters trust and respect among the staff, which is essential for building a strong team dynamic centered around quality healthcare delivery.

In her capacity to teach, the nurse describes the changes of the uterus after childbirth to return to a nonpregnant state as _____

  • A. catabolism
  • B. subinvolution
  • C. contraction of muscle fibers
  • D. Involution
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Involution refers to the process of the uterus returning to its nonpregnant state after childbirth. During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes significant changes and enlarges to accommodate the growing fetus. After childbirth, the uterus begins to contract, leading to a decrease in its size and a return to its pre-pregnant state. This process involves the shedding of the excess endometrial tissue and the reduction of the size of the uterine muscle fibers. It is a normal and essential process for postpartum recovery. Failure of the uterus to undergo proper involution is known as subinvolution, which can lead to complications such as postpartum hemorrhage.

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