Nokea
A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) for anemia management. Which parameter should the nurse monitor closely during ESA therapy?
- A. Serum potassium levels
- B. Hemoglobin levels
- C. Serum creatinine levels
- D. White blood cell count
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) for anemia management, the parameter that should be monitored closely by the nurse is the hemoglobin levels. Hemoglobin levels indicate the patient's response to ESA therapy and are essential in assessing the effectiveness of the treatment in addressing anemia. Monitoring hemoglobin levels helps ensure that the patient's anemia is controlled within the target range to avoid both the risks of under-treatment (resulting in persistent anemia) and over-treatment (increased risk of adverse outcomes such as hypertension, stroke, or cardiovascular events).
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Which of the following health interventions. should be included in your teaching plan for Mang Luis?
- A. Be on prolonged corticosteroid therapy.
- B. Lung exercises must be done with longer. inhalation then exhalation.
- C. Reduce risk for infection.
- D. Have a high flow of oxygen administration.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the case of Mang Luis, who has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is experiencing exacerbation, the most crucial health intervention to include in the teaching plan is to reduce the risk for infection. COPD exacerbations are commonly triggered by respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis. Preventing infections is essential in managing COPD as they can lead to worsening of symptoms and increased healthcare utilization. Therefore, educating Mang Luis on strategies to reduce the risk of infection, such as proper hand hygiene, avoiding exposure to sick individuals, getting vaccinated, and managing environmental factors, is paramount in his care plan.
A patient presents with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory tests reveal intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Plasmodium falciparum
- B. Trypanosoma cruzi
- C. Borrelia burgdorferi
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia following a trip to sub-Saharan Africa is highly suggestive of malaria, which is caused by the Plasmodium species. Specifically, the presence of intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination points towards Plasmodium falciparum as the most likely causative agent.
Nurse Maris is correct in identifying whinch of the following is a health resource problem?
- A. Increase in number of deaths fromm Pneumonia
- B. Feud between Midwife andHead of t he Sanitation Committee
- C. Absence of midwife in the communtiy to render health services
- D. High Maternal Mortality Rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer, C, reflects a health resource problem. The absence of a midwife in the community means that there is a lack of a critical health resource necessary for providing essential health services, especially for pregnant women and infants. This directly impacts the access to healthcare services and can contribute to negative health outcomes, such as high maternal mortality rates. The other options do not directly address a health resource problem but rather focus on specific issues or conflicts within the community.
Autonomy is the prerogative of the patient to give consent or refusal of treatment with the EXCEPTION of which of the following situations?
- A. Erroneous belief of a head of a church
- B. Negative effect of superstition
- C. Near death
- D. Peer pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the patient's right to make decisions about their own health care, including the ability to give consent or refusal of treatment. This right is based on the patient's own beliefs, values, and preferences. However, in the case of an erroneous belief of a head of a church, it may conflict with the patient's own autonomy and ability to make decisions based on their own beliefs. In such a situation, it is important for healthcare providers to respect the patient's autonomy while also addressing any potential conflicts that may arise from external influences such as the erroneous belief of a head of a church.
Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction is promptly managed with ____.
- A. theophylline
- B. epinephrine
- C. costicosteroid
- D. diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, are promptly managed with epinephrine. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it helps counteract the severe symptoms by relaxing the muscles in the airways, constricting blood vessels, and decreasing swelling. It acts quickly to reverse the potentially life-threatening effects of the allergic reaction and is crucial in managing anaphylaxis effectively. Other medications like antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) and corticosteroids may be used as adjuncts, but epinephrine remains the primary treatment for immediate hypersensitivity reactions.