Nokea
A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with increased dyspnea and cough productive of purulent sputum. On auscultation, coarse crackles are heard bilaterally. Which complication of COPD is the patient most likely experiencing?
- A. Acute exacerbation
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Pulmonary embolism
- D. Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient with a history of COPD presenting with increased dyspnea, cough productive of purulent sputum, and coarse crackles on auscultation is most likely experiencing an acute exacerbation of COPD. Acute exacerbations in COPD are defined as sustained worsening of the patient's respiratory symptoms beyond normal day-to-day variations, leading to a change in medication. Common triggers for exacerbations include respiratory infections, air pollution, and non-compliance with medications.
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The physician ordered sonography. The nurse informs the ultrasound unit in charge and prepares the patient for the procedure. The patient asks the importance of the procedure, the nurse CORRECT response is________.
- A. to determine diameters of the fetal skull
- B. increase sensitivity for common bile duct of the fetus
- C. useful to a visualized cystic duct of the fetus
- D. to assess fetus' well-being
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sonography, also known as ultrasound, is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of structures inside the body. In the context of a patient who is pregnant, sonography is commonly used to assess the well-being of the fetus. It allows healthcare providers to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, evaluate the placenta, amniotic fluid levels, and detect any abnormalities that may be present.
The patient has been ordered a regimen to treat a urinary tract infection and notifies the nurse that the patient's urine has turned an orange color. The nurse recognizes that the patient is most likely being treated with which drug?
- A. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- B. Darifenacin hydrobromide (Enablex)
- C. Bethanechol Cl (Urecholine))
- D. Phenazopyridine HCl (Pyridium)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenazopyridine HCl (Pyridium) is a medication commonly used to relieve the pain, burning, and discomfort associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). One of the notable side effects of Phenazopyridine is the discoloration of urine, turning it a rusty-red or orange color. This color change is harmless and temporary, but it can be alarming to patients who are unaware of this side effect. Therefore, if a patient undergoing treatment for a UTI notices their urine has turned orange, it is most likely due to the administration of Phenazopyridine.
A postpartum client who is breastfeeding expresses concerns about breast engorgement and discomfort. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to alleviate symptoms?
- A. Encouraging frequent breastfeeding or pumping sessions
- B. Applying cold packs to the breasts between feedings
- C. Recommending the use of a supportive bra or breast binder
- D. Administering oral analgesics for pain relief
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention to alleviate breast engorgement and discomfort in a breastfeeding client is to encourage frequent breastfeeding or pumping sessions. Engorgement occurs when the breasts become overly full of milk, causing them to become swollen, firm, and painful. By ensuring that the baby breastfeeds frequently, the client can effectively empty the breasts, which helps to relieve engorgement and discomfort. Encouraging the client to breastfeed on demand and ensuring proper latching can help prevent further engorgement issues. Pumping can also be useful if the baby is unable to feed directly from the breast or to relieve engorgement between feedings. This intervention addresses the root cause of the problem and promotes the client's comfort and breastfeeding success. Applying cold packs, using a supportive bra or breast binder, and administering oral analgesics may provide some relief for discomfort but do not address the underlying issue of engorgement.
Based on the 2017 demography report (July 2016 estimate), the Philippine population has reached:
- A. 140 million
- B. 102 million
- C. 120 million
- D. 85 million
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to the 2017 demography report based on the July 2016 estimate, the Philippine population was approximately 102 million. This data is derived from official census data and estimates made by the Philippine Statistics Authority. As of that time, the country's population had not reached 140 million, 120 million, or 85 million as the other options suggest.
The PRC-Board of Nursing (PR-BON) ha5 the power to regulate Nursing Practice in the Philippines. The regulatory functions include the following except
- A. enforce and monitor quality standards of nursing practice in the county
- B. issue, suspend revoke or reissue certification of registered nurses
- C. ensure proper conduct.
- D. issue permit for the opening of nursing programs in the country
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, issuing a permit for the opening of nursing programs in the country. The PRC-Board of Nursing (PR-BON) in the Philippines primarily focuses on regulating nursing practice and ensuring the quality and standards of nursing care provided in the country. While they have the authority to oversee aspects such as certification of registered nurses, enforcing quality standards, and monitoring proper conduct of nurses, the responsibility of issuing permits for the opening of nursing programs typically falls under the jurisdiction of other relevant educational or accrediting bodies.