Nokea
Healthy physical development is dependent upon nutrition, brain development, muscle and bone. Which of the following is NOT APPROPRIATE for physical development of a pre schooler?
- A. Sleeps 6 to 8 hours of sleep each day
- B. Assists in brushing and flossing teeth
- C. Gains 5 pounds per year
- D. Eruption of the primary teeth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a preschooler, it is recommended that they get more than 8 hours of sleep each day. Adequate sleep is crucial for their physical development, overall health, and cognitive function. Preschoolers typically need around 10-13 hours of sleep per day to support their growth and development. Getting less than the recommended amount of sleep can lead to issues such as behavioral problems, difficulty concentrating, and poor physical development. Therefore, ensuring that a preschooler gets enough sleep is vital for their physical well-being.
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Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
- A. Pelvic pain
- B. Breast tenderness
- C. Postmenopausal bleeding
- D. Dyspareunia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast tenderness is a hallmark symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which occurs in the days leading up to menstruation. This symptom is often associated with hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Women may experience increased sensitivity and soreness in their breasts, making them feel tender or swollen. It is a common symptom of PMS and can vary in severity from one individual to another. Pelvic pain, postmenopausal bleeding, and dyspareunia are not typically considered hallmark symptoms of PMS.
A patient with a suspected spinal injury is found unconscious. Which of the following actions should be taken first?
- A. Move the patient to a flat surface.
- B. Perform a jaw thrust maneuver.
- C. Apply a cervical collar.
- D. Check for responsiveness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a patient with a suspected spinal injury is found unconscious, the priority action is to secure the airway without jeopardizing the cervical spine. A jaw thrust maneuver is the appropriate technique to open the airway in this situation because it allows for the maintenance of neutral alignment of the cervical spine while ensuring proper ventilation. Moving the patient to a flat surface or applying a cervical collar could potentially worsen the spinal injury if not done correctly, and checking for responsiveness should only be done after ensuring a patent airway. Therefore, the safest and most effective initial action is to perform a jaw thrust maneuver to establish a clear airway.
A patient presents with progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations, primarily involving the upper and lower extremities. Over time, the patient develops dysphagia and dysarthria. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
- C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- D. Myasthenia gravis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms described, including progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, dysphagia, and dysarthria primarily involving the upper and lower extremities, are classic features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. As the disease progresses, patients may develop difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and speaking (dysarthria). In contrast, Parkinson's disease primarily involves movement-related symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, and slow movements. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that typically presents with ascending weakness and sensory abnormalities, often preceded by an infection. Myasthenia gravis is characterized by muscle weakness exacerbated by
In handling all information about the famiilies in the community, which of the following principles should the nurse consider ethical?
- A. Confidentialty
- B. Justice
- C. Fair treatment
- D. Beneficence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When handling information about families in the community, the nurse should consider the principle of confidentiality as ethical. Confidentiality refers to the obligation of healthcare providers to safeguard the privacy of patient information. By maintaining confidentiality, the nurse upholds trust and respect in the nurse-family relationship. This principle ensures that sensitive information shared by families is kept secure and not disclosed without permission, thus respecting their autonomy and promoting open communication in healthcare settings.
Because Mr. Steve cannot pay for his medical bills, he is referred to the social worker. which of the following rights is applicable in this case the right to_______.
- A. Considerate and respectful care and respectful care irrespective of his socio-economics status.
- B. Expect reasonable continuity of care
- C. Examine and receive an explanation of his medical bills regardless of the source of payment
- D. Know what hospital rules and regulation apply to his conduct as a client.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The right to considerate and respectful care irrespective of socio-economic status is applicable in this case because Mr. Steve is facing financial difficulties in paying for his medical bills. This right ensures that all patients receive proper treatment and care regardless of their ability to pay. It emphasizes that every individual deserves to be treated with dignity and respect, regardless of their financial situation. In Mr. Steve's case, being referred to a social worker due to inability to pay should not impact the quality of care and respect he receives from healthcare providers.