Nokea
When the nurse inserts an ordered urinary catheter into the client's urethra after the client has refused the procedure, and then the client suffers an injury, the client may sue the nurse for which type of tort?
- A. Battery
- B. Invasion of privacy
- C. Assault
- D. Dereliction of duty
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Battery refers to the intentional touching of another person without consent, resulting in harm or offense. In this scenario, the nurse inserted the urinary catheter into the client's urethra without the client's consent, leading to an injury. This action constitutes battery as the nurse carried out a medical procedure without the client's permission, resulting in harm to the client. The client can sue the nurse for battery in this situation.
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When handling vaccines, the FIRST step Nurse Gabriela should do is to ________.
- A. Select the correct needle size.
- B. Check the content prior to drawing up.
- C. Reconstitute using diluent supplied.
- D. Check the vial for expiration date..
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first step Nurse Gabriela should do when handling vaccines is to check the vial for the expiration date. It is crucial to ensure that the vaccine has not expired before proceeding with any further steps. Administering an expired vaccine can be ineffective or even harmful to the patient. Therefore, checking the expiration date is the foundational step in the safe and proper administration of vaccines.
The electric fan in the unit sparks occasionally but continues to function relatively well. Nurse Minda though knows that she ________.
- A. Has to ask one of the staff to preliminary check it
- B. will just wait until the fan stops to function
- C. should alert the unit staff to closely observe the fan
- D. must have it checked by the Maintenance Department immediately
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurse Minda should alert the unit staff to closely observe the fan because the occasional sparking may be a sign of an impending issue that could lead to a more serious problem. By closely monitoring the fan, the staff can ensure the safety of those in the unit and take necessary actions if the situation worsens. It is important to address potential safety hazards promptly to prevent any harm or damage.
You accidentally touch Claudia's eyelid during eye drop instillation causing her to blink. What should have you done to prevent this from occurring?
- A. Touch the inner side of the medicine cap
- B. Tilt back Claudia's head slightly
- C. Hold the dropper close to the eye but do not allow the medication to fall into the cornea
- D. Have Claudia look up and focus on something
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tilt back Claudia's head slightly would have been the correct action to prevent her from blinking during eye drop instillation. By tilting her head back, you create a more stable position for instilling the eye drops, reducing the likelihood of accidental contact with her eyelid. Additionally, tilting the head back slightly helps in making it easier for the drops to enter the eye and stay within the conjunctival sac, improving the efficacy of the medication.
A patient with diabetes mellitus presents with polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, and fatigue. Laboratory findings reveal hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Diabetic nephropathy
- B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
- C. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
- D. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presentation of a patient with diabetes mellitus showing symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, and fatigue along with laboratory findings of hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria is indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a serious complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis. The increased glucose levels lead to glycosuria, causing osmotic diuresis resulting in polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia. The body starts breaking down fats for energy in the absence of sufficient insulin, leading to the production of ketones causing ketonuria. The patient may also experience fatigue due to the metabolic abnormalities present in DKA.
A patient presents with a thyroid nodule and signs of compression such as difficulty swallowing and breathing. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals a follicular pattern and colloid-filled spaces. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- B. Graves' disease
- C. Follicular adenoma
- D. Thyroid nodules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's presentation of thyroid nodule with compression symptoms like difficulty swallowing and breathing, along with fine-needle aspiration biopsy showing a follicular pattern and colloid-filled spaces, is highly suggestive of a follicular adenoma. Follicular adenomas are benign thyroid tumors that can cause compression symptoms due to their growth and size, leading to pressure on surrounding structures in the neck area. The presence of colloid-filled spaces in the biopsy is characteristic of follicular adenomas.