Nokea
A patient with advanced cirrhosis has a nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to anorexia and inadequate food intake. What would be an appropriate midday snack for the patient?
- A. Peanut butter and salt-free crackers
- B. A fresh tomato sandwich with salt-free butter
- C. Popcorn with salt-free butter and herbal seasoning
- D. Canned chicken noodle soup with low-protein bread
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Peanut butter and salt-free crackers provide protein and energy, which can help address nutritional deficiencies in a patient with cirrhosis.
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Which of the following diagnostic tests can be given to a client who cannot retain dye tablets given to test his gallbladder?
- A. Oral cholecystography
- B. Cholangiography
- C. Barium enema
- D. Barium swallow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cholangiography is used as an alternative to oral cholecystography when a client cannot retain the dye tablets.
The nurse is obtaining a history of a patient with hepatitis Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask?
- A. "If using drugs, do you share needles?"
- B. "Do you always practice safe sex?"
- C. "You traveled to Canada in the last month?"
- D. "Do you eat shellfish often?"
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because hepatitis can be transmitted through contaminated food or water, including shellfish. Asking about shellfish consumption helps assess the risk of exposure to hepatitis. Choice A is more relevant for HIV transmission. Choice B focuses on STDs. Choice C is not directly related to hepatitis transmission.
Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
- A. Parietal cells
- B. Chief cells
- C. Mucous neck cells
- D. Enteroendocrine cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parietal cells. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach to create the acidic environment necessary for digestion. They also secrete intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption. Chief cells produce pepsinogen, not hydrochloric acid. Mucous neck cells secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining. Enteroendocrine cells secrete hormones like gastrin, not hydrochloric acid. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it directly produces hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
What must the nurse do to care for a T-tube in a patient following a cholecystectomy?
- A. Keep the tube supported and free of kinks.
- B. Attach the tube to low, continuous suction.
- C. Clamp the tube when ambulating the patient.
- D. Irrigate the tube with 10-mL sterile saline every 2 to 4 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should ensure the T-tube is supported and free from kinks to facilitate bile drainage and prevent complications.
The stomach produces acids, which denature protein, and popsin that digests protein. The cell membranes of the epithelial cells lining the stomach contain protein. The protein in the epithelial cells are not denatured or digested because
- A. the membranes contain a different type of protein that resists denaturation and digestion.
- B. mucus coats the epithelium.
- C. cell membranes are destroyed but mitotic activity replaces cells with new ones every few hours.
- D. hormones produced by the endocrine cells protect the cell membranes and neutralize the acid pH.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mucus coats the epithelium. The mucus layer acts as a protective barrier that prevents the acid and pepsin from coming into direct contact with the epithelial cells. This physical barrier helps to shield the cell membranes from denaturation and digestion. Choice A is incorrect because the type of protein in the cell membranes does not determine their resistance to denaturation and digestion. Choice C is incorrect because cell membranes are not destroyed, and mitotic activity does not play a role in protecting the cell membranes. Choice D is incorrect because hormones do not directly protect the cell membranes from acid and pepsin; rather, it is the mucus layer that provides the necessary protection.