foundation of nursing questions and answers

foundation of nursing questions and answers Related

Review foundation of nursing questions and answers related questions and content

A patient with HIV is admitted to the hospital because of chronic severe diarrhea. The nurse caring for this patient should expect the physician to order what drug for the management of the patients diarrhea?

  • A. Zithromax
  • B. Sandostatin
  • C. Levaquin
  • D. Biaxin
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sandostatin. This drug is a somatostatin analog that can help manage HIV-related chronic severe diarrhea by reducing gastrointestinal secretions. Sandostatin works by inhibiting the release of various hormones and neurotransmitters in the gut, which can help control diarrhea in HIV patients.

Rationale:
A: Zithromax is an antibiotic that is not typically used to manage chronic severe diarrhea in HIV patients.
C: Levaquin is also an antibiotic and not indicated for managing diarrhea in HIV patients.
D: Biaxin is another antibiotic and not the appropriate choice for managing chronic severe diarrhea in HIV patients.

In summary, Sandostatin is the correct choice as it specifically targets the underlying cause of diarrhea in HIV patients by reducing gastrointestinal secretions, whereas the other options are antibiotics that are not indicated for this purpose.

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A nurse is assessing the patient’s meaning ofillness. Which area of focus by the nurse ispriority?

  • A. On the way a patient reacts to disease
  • B. On the malfunctioning of biological processes
  • C. On the malfunctioning of psychological processes
  • D. On the way a patient reacts to family/social interactions
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because understanding how a patient perceives and reacts to their illness is crucial for providing holistic care. By focusing on the patient's perspective, the nurse can address their emotional, mental, and social needs. Choice B is incorrect as it only considers biological aspects. Choice C is incorrect as it only focuses on psychological processes. Choice D is incorrect as it does not directly address the patient's perspective on illness. A holistic approach that considers the patient's meaning of illness is essential for providing patient-centered care.

Which nursing actions will the nurse implementwhen collecting a urine specimen from a patient? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Growing urine cultures for up to 12 hours
  • B. Labeling all specimens with date, time, and initials
  • C. Allowing the patient adequate time and privacy to void
  • D. Wearing gown, gloves, and mask for all specimen handling
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Labeling all specimens with date, time, and initials. This is important for proper identification and tracking of the specimen.
- Choice A is incorrect because urine cultures typically take longer than 12 hours to grow.
- Choice C is incorrect as privacy is important but not a specific action related to urine specimen collection.
- Choice D is incorrect as wearing gown, gloves, and mask may not be necessary for routine urine specimen collection, unless there are specific precautions needed.

An adolescent is identified as having a collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis of his testes. The nurse knows that this adolescent will receive what medical diagnosis?

  • A. Cryptorchidism
  • B. Orchitis
  • C. Hydrocele
  • D. Prostatism
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrocele. A hydrocele is the collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis of the testes. This condition is common in newborns and can also occur in adolescents. Cryptorchidism (A) is the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum. Orchitis (B) is inflammation of the testicles. Prostatism (D) is a non-specific term related to prostate issues, not relevant to the given scenario. Therefore, the correct diagnosis for an adolescent with fluid collection in the tunica vaginalis of his testes is hydrocele.

The nurse learns about cultural issues involvedin the patient’s health care belief system and enables patients and families to achieve meaningful and supportive care. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?

  • A. Marginalized groups
  • B. Health care disparity
  • C. Transcultural nursing
  • D. Culturally congruent care
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Culturally congruent care. This concept refers to providing care that aligns with the patient's cultural beliefs and practices. By learning about cultural issues and enabling patients to receive care that is meaningful and supportive within their cultural context, the nurse is demonstrating culturally congruent care.

A: Marginalized groups - This refers to groups in society who are disadvantaged and face discrimination. While understanding cultural issues may be important when caring for marginalized groups, it is not the main concept demonstrated in this scenario.

B: Health care disparity - This refers to differences in access to healthcare and health outcomes among different populations. While cultural competence can help address healthcare disparities, it is not the concept being demonstrated here.

C: Transcultural nursing - This refers to providing care across different cultures. While related, it does not specifically address the nurse's role in understanding and enabling culturally appropriate care for individual patients and families.

A woman scheduled for a simple mastectomy in one week is having her preoperative education provided by the clinic nurse. What educational intervention will be of primary importance to prevent hemorrhage in the postoperative period?

  • A. Limit her intake of green leafy vegetables.
  • B. Increase her water intake to 8 glasses per day.
  • C. Stop taking aspirin.
  • D. Have nothing by mouth for 6 hours before surgery.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stop taking aspirin. Aspirin is a blood thinner that can increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. By stopping aspirin before surgery, the woman's blood clotting ability will improve, reducing the risk of hemorrhage.

A: Limiting intake of green leafy vegetables is not directly related to preventing hemorrhage in the postoperative period.

B: Increasing water intake is important for overall health, but it does not specifically address the risk of hemorrhage related to aspirin use.

D: Having nothing by mouth for 6 hours before surgery is important for preventing aspiration during anesthesia, but it does not directly address the risk of hemorrhage related to aspirin use.

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