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A patient with kyphosis is visiting a practitioner of chiropractic medicine for the first time and asks, "How does this therapy work?" The practitioner replies, "I will use my hands along with heat to correct the misalignment of your spine by placing pressure on the nerves that have produced pain. The misalignment of your spine is referred to as:
- A. subluxation."
- B. a sprain."
- C. a fracture."
- D. epicondylitis."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: subluxation. Subluxation in chiropractic terms refers to the misalignment of the vertebrae in the spine, which can put pressure on nerves and cause pain. Chiropractors believe that by using manual adjustments, they can correct these subluxations and restore proper alignment, which can alleviate pain and improve overall health. The other choices, B: a sprain, C: a fracture, and D: epicondylitis, do not accurately describe the misalignment of the spine that is being addressed in chiropractic care. Sprain refers to ligament injury, fracture refers to bone breakage, and epicondylitis refers to inflammation of the tendons.
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An RN delegates to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) the task of performing blood pressure checks for a group of patients on a nursing unit. The UAP accepts the task and is responsible for:
- A. delegating the task to another UAP if he or she does not have the time or skill to complete the task.
- B. keeping the RN informed of any abnormal blood pressure readings.
- C. calling the physician when the patient's vital signs are not within established parameters.
- D. informing the dietary department to initiate a low-sodium diet for patients who are hypertensive.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because keeping the RN informed of any abnormal blood pressure readings is an essential part of the UAP's responsibility. This ensures that the RN is aware of any potential issues with the patients' health and can intervene if necessary. It is important for the UAP to communicate such vital information promptly to the RN, who has the clinical expertise to assess the situation and make appropriate decisions.
Choice A is incorrect because the UAP should not delegate tasks to another UAP without prior authorization from the RN. Choice C is incorrect because calling the physician directly is beyond the scope of practice for a UAP. Choice D is incorrect because initiating a low-sodium diet for hypertensive patients is a clinical decision that should be made by the RN or physician, not the UAP.
A nurse would like to obtain background information and learn the political platform of a candidate who is running for national office. The nurse should contact the:
- A. National Registry for Candidates.
- B. American Nurses Association Nurses Strategic Action Team (N-STAT).
- C. National League of Nurses.
- D. National Council of State Boards of Nursing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: American Nurses Association Nurses Strategic Action Team (N-STAT).
Rationale:
1. N-STAT is a strategic action team within the American Nurses Association, which is a reputable organization representing nurses' interests.
2. N-STAT focuses on political advocacy and provides information on political platforms of candidates running for national office.
3. Contacting N-STAT would provide the nurse with accurate and relevant information about the candidate's political platform.
Summary of other choices:
A: National Registry for Candidates - Not a known entity, unlikely to provide specific political platform information.
C: National League of Nurses - Focuses on nursing education and standards, not political platforms.
D: National Council of State Boards of Nursing - Focuses on regulatory aspects of nursing practice, not political platforms.
A comparison of nursing in the 1980s to nursing in the 1990s reveals that:
- A. in the 1990s nursing experienced a significant reduction occurred in preventable diseases caused by unsafe/unhealthy lifestyles.
- B. tuberculosis was the primary concern for nursing in the 1980s, whereas the AIDS epidemic emerged and was its focus during the 1990s.
- C. a decrease in ambulatory services in the 1980s prompted an increase in public health nurses in the 1990s.
- D. the demand for advanced practice nurses increased in the 1980s and the 1990s as a result of the economy and concern about the health of the nation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately reflects the shift in focus from tuberculosis in the 1980s to the emergence of the AIDS epidemic in the 1990s in the field of nursing. Tuberculosis was a major concern in the 1980s, and the AIDS epidemic became a primary focus in the 1990s.
Choice A is incorrect because it discusses preventable diseases caused by unsafe lifestyles, which is not directly related to the comparison of nursing between the two decades.
Choice C is incorrect because it mentions a decrease in ambulatory services in the 1980s leading to an increase in public health nurses in the 1990s, which is not supported by the historical context of nursing during those decades.
Choice D is incorrect because it suggests that the demand for advanced practice nurses increased in both the 1980s and the 1990s due to economic reasons and national health concerns, which is not specifically relevant to the comparison between nursing in the two decades.
A client states, "I am leaving. No one here knows what they are doing." The nurse completing the Against Medical Advice form must:
- A. defer notifying the provider until the client has had ample time to leave.
- B. state in medical terms the risks of leaving.
- C. inform the client that leaving could result in complications and impairment.
- D. detain the person with the use of soft restraints until security arrives.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because informing the client of potential complications and impairment is essential to ensure the client makes an informed decision. This aligns with the principle of autonomy and informed consent. Choice A is incorrect as delaying notification can jeopardize the client's safety. Choice B is incorrect because using medical jargon may not effectively communicate the risks to the client. Choice D is incorrect as using restraints is a violation of the client's rights and autonomy.
Although the NCLEX-RN examination has new formats for questions, the most common format is the:
- A. fill-in-the-blank item because candidates are not provided with clues from distracters.
- B. multiple-choice question item, which allows candidates to select the one correct answer.
- C. multiple-response item because these questions require a higher level of critical thinking.
- D. hot-spot item because these questions are written at the application level of Bloom's analysis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: multiple-choice question item, which allows candidates to select the one correct answer. This is because the multiple-choice format is widely used in the NCLEX-RN examination as it is effective in assessing a candidate's knowledge, critical thinking skills, and ability to make decisions. The distractors in the answer choices provide clues and test the candidate's ability to differentiate between correct and incorrect information.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: fill-in-the-blank item is not the most common format for NCLEX-RN questions as candidates are indeed provided with clues from distractors in multiple-choice questions.
C: multiple-response item, although requiring critical thinking, is not the most common format on the NCLEX-RN exam.
D: hot-spot item is not the most common format on the NCLEX-RN exam, and it is not necessarily written at the application level of Bloom's analysis.