Nokea
A patient with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia will be receiving pentamidine as an intravenous piggyback (IVPB) dose. The medication has been added to a 100-mL bag of D5W for the infusion, and it needs to infuse over 120 minutes. The nurse will set the infusion pump to infuse at what rate for this IVPB medication?
Correct Answer: 50 mL/hr
Rationale: First, convert 120 minutes to hours because the infusion pump will infuse at a milliliter per hour rate. 120 minutes ?? (1 hour / 60 minutes) = 2 hours. 100 mL ?· 2 hours = 50 mL/hr.
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A patient who has a helminthic infection has a prescription for pyrantel. Which is one of the common adverse effects that the patient may experience while on this therapy?
- A. Insomnia
- B. Seizures
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Dark discoloration of the urine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diarrhea and abdominal pain are some of the possible gastrointestinal effects of pyrantel. The other options are incorrect.
A patient is being evaluated for a possible helminthic infection. The nurse knows that which statement about anthelmintic therapy is true?
- A. The drugs may cause severe drowsiness
- B. Anthelmintics are very specific in their actions.
- C. Anthelmintics are effective against broad classes of infestations.
- D. The drugs are used to treat protozoal infections such as intestinal amebiasis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anthelmintics are very specific in their actions, and it is important to identify the cause of the infestation before beginning treatment. They are not used to treat protozoal infections, and they do not cause severe drowsiness.
A patient with late-stage HIV infection also has Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. The nurse anticipates treatment with which medication for this pneumonia?
- A. Ivermectin
- B. Atovaquone
- C. Praziquantel
- D. Metronidazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pentamidine and atovaquone are used for the treatment of pneumonia caused by P. jirovecii. The other options are not used for this pneumonia.
Hydroxychloroquine is prescribed as part of malaria prophylaxis for a patient who will be traveling. The nurse will discuss which potential adverse effects with the patient? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Myalgia
- C. Insomnia
- D. Dizziness
- E. Vomiting
- F. Headache
Correct Answer: A,D,E,F
Rationale: Diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, rash, and headache are potential adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine. Myalgia and insomnia are not adverse effects of this drug.
A patient who is being treated for malaria has started therapy with quinine and tetracycline. He asks the nurse why he is on an antibiotic when malaria is caused by a parasite. Which response by the nurse is correct?
- A. The tetracycline prevents reinfection by the malarial parasite.
- B. The antibiotic is combined with quinine to reduce the side effects of the quinine.
- C. An antibacterial drug prevents the occurrence of superinfection during antimalarial therapy.
- D. The two drugs are more effective against malaria when given together.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The combination of quinine and tetracycline takes advantage of their synergistic protozoacidal effects. The other responses are incorrect.