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A postmenopausal woman fears developing osteoporosis like her mother. What is the most appropriate nurse response?
- A. "The American diet is much better now than when your mother was your age."
- B. "You have a strong genetic risk factor. There is not much we can do to stop the process."
- C. "You need about 1000 mg of calcium a day to keep your bones strong."
- D. "Tell me about your diet, how much walking you do each day, and what medications you take."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should assess the patient's diet, physical activity, and medications before providing tailored advice.
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A nurse is caring for a person with a potential dysfunction in the health-perception–health-management pattern. Which of the following nursing interventions would most likely be performed?
- A. Arranging for home delivery of medication from the pharmacy
- B. Providing education regarding the dangers of smoking
- C. Instituting visiting nurse services for blood pressure checks
- D. Providing direct observed therapy for tuberculosis medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Education about the dangers of smoking addresses the risk and provides the person with information to improve health practices, fostering active participation in health management.
A nurse is collecting data for a family assessment using Gordon’s functional health patterns. The nurse learns that the family has no books in the home to read to the preschool-age children. To which of the following functional health patterns does this information pertain?
- A. Roles-relationship
- B. Cognitive-perceptual
- C. Health-perception–health-management
- D. Self-perception–self-concept
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cognitive-perceptual pattern relates to how the family perceives language development and cognitive needs, which includes the availability of books for children.
A mother comes to the pediatric clinic and says to the nurse, “I am worried about my 11-month-old baby because he is not crawling yet and his brother crawled when he was 11 months old. Is something wrong?” Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
- A. “It is highly unusual for siblings not to reach developmental milestones at the same time. I’ll ask the doctor to assess him.”
- B. “All babies reach developmental milestones at different rates.”
- C. “This may be something to worry about. I’ll have the doctor examine him.”
- D. “Don’t worry; he’ll crawl soon enough.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Each child develops at their own pace, even though milestones follow a general pattern.
Which young adult exemplifies Kohlberg’s postconventional level of moral reasoning?
- A. A 28-year-old who helps a friend move despite calling in sick
- B. A 22-year-old man who uses marijuana on weekends
- C. A 30-year-old woman who volunteers at a soup kitchen
- D. A 35-year-old working long hours for a promotion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg’s postconventional stage involves moral reasoning based on what is considered “right” for the greater good, as exemplified by volunteering at a soup kitchen.
An emergency department provides care for all individuals regardless of circumstances and ability to pay. This is an example of:
- A. Ethic of justice
- B. Ethic of care
- C. Applied ethics
- D. Metaethics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ethic of justice is characterized by impartial, nondiscriminatory care.