Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast

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A postpartum patient who has had a vaginal birth asks the nurse, I was wondering if my cervix will return to its previous shape before I had the baby? Which is the best response by the nurse?

  • A. The cervix will now have a slit-like shap
  • C. The cervix will be round and smooth after healing occurs.
  • D. The cervix will remain 50% effaced now that you have had a baby.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The cervix will now have a slit-like shape. After giving birth, the cervix undergoes changes in shape and size to adapt to the delivery process. It becomes slit-like instead of round to allow for easier dilation in future pregnancies. This response is correct as it addresses the anatomical changes that occur postpartum.

Choice B is incorrect because it does not provide an explanation of the postpartum cervix shape changes.

Choice C is incorrect because it describes the cervix in a way that does not reflect the usual postpartum changes.

Choice D is incorrect because it refers to effacement, which is the thinning of the cervix during labor and not a permanent change postpartum.

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During a 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation would be most likely to occur on day _____ of the cycle.

  • A. 3
  • B. 8
  • C. 14
  • D. 21
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle.

Which concern is included in the plan of care for the patient who receives HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine?

  • A. It is available in oral form.
  • B. It involves a series of two injections.
  • C. Injections should be given over a 3-month perio
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the HPV vaccine is typically administered in a series of injections over a 6-month period, not 3 months as stated in the question. This timeframe is important to ensure the patient receives the full benefit of the vaccine. Choice A is incorrect because the HPV vaccine is not available in oral form. Choice B is incorrect as the HPV vaccine series usually consists of two or three injections, not just two. Choice D is incomplete and does not provide any relevant information.

Failure of closure of the cranial neural pore causes:

  • A. Anencephaly
  • B. Hydrocephaly
  • C. Hydrocephalus
  • D. Chiari malformation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The failure of closure of the cranial neural pore leads to anencephaly due to the incomplete development of the brain and skull. This results in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. Hydrocephaly (B) is the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain's ventricles, not caused by the cranial neural pore closure. Hydrocephalus (C) is the same as hydrocephaly. Chiari malformation (D) is a condition where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, unrelated to the cranial neural pore closure.

Which of the following structures is not involved with the development of the ova in the ovary?

  • A. Corpus albicans
  • B. Follicular cells
  • C. Zona pellucida
  • D. All of the above structures are involved in the development of the egg cell.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The corpus albicans is not involved in the development of ova.

When suspecting an ovarian cyst on the basis of abdominal pain, what other causes need to be ruled out due to the severity of the condition? Select all that apply.

  • A. ectopic pregnancy
  • B. inflamed appendix
  • C. ovarian torsion
  • D. submucosal fibroid
Correct Answer: A,B,C

Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and C.

A: Ectopic pregnancy can present similarly to an ovarian cyst with abdominal pain. It is a life-threatening emergency due to the risk of rupture.
B: Inflamed appendix can mimic symptoms of an ovarian cyst, such as lower abdominal pain. Appendicitis can lead to serious complications without prompt treatment.
C: Ovarian torsion can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain similar to that of an ovarian cyst. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent ovarian damage or necrosis.
D: Submucosal fibroid is a benign growth in the uterus and would not typically cause symptoms that mimic an ovarian cyst.

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