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A pregnant patient at 26 weeks gestation reports nausea and vomiting. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer anti-nausea medications as prescribed.
- B. Instruct the patient to eat larger meals less frequently.
- C. Encourage the patient to eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid greasy foods.
- D. Encourage the patient to rest and avoid physical activity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because nausea and vomiting are common during pregnancy and can be alleviated by eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding greasy foods. This strategy helps maintain stable blood sugar levels and reduces gastric distress. Administering anti-nausea medications (A) should only be considered if conservative measures fail. Instructing the patient to eat larger meals less frequently (B) may worsen symptoms. Encouraging rest and avoiding physical activity (D) may be beneficial but addressing dietary factors is the priority in this case.
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Which of the following exercises should be taught to a pregnant woman who complains of backaches?
- A. Kegeling.
- B. Pelvic tilting.
- C. Leg lifting.
- D. Crunching.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pelvic tilting exercises help to alleviate backaches by strengthening the abdominal and lower back muscles. Kegeling, leg lifting, and crunching are not specifically targeted at relieving backaches.
A pregnant patient’s biophysical profile score is 8. The patient asks the nurse to explain the results. What is the nurse’s most appropriate response?
- A. The test results are within normal limits.
- B. Immediate birth by cesarean birth is being considered.
- C. Further testing will be performed to determine the meaning of this score.
- D. An obstetric specialist will evaluate the results of this profile and, within the next week, will inform you of your options regarding birth.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A score of 8-10 is within the normal range for a biophysical profile, indicating no immediate concerns for the fetus.
What are late FHR decelerations caused by?
- A. Altered cerebral blood flow
- B. Umbilical cord compression
- C. Uteroplacental insufficiency
- D. Meconium fluid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uteroplacental insufficiency. Late FHR decelerations are caused by decreased blood flow and oxygen delivery to the fetus due to impaired uteroplacental circulation. This can result from conditions like placental abruption or placental insufficiency. Altered cerebral blood flow (A) is more related to early decelerations. Umbilical cord compression (B) typically causes variable decelerations. Meconium fluid (D) can lead to fetal distress but is not the primary cause of late decelerations.
Which food is best for constipation relief?
- A. Pasta
- B. Rice
- C. Yogurt
- D. Celery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Celery is high in fiber and water, making it an effective choice for relieving constipation.
A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is at 32 weeks gestation and reports frequent headaches and nausea. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Monitor the patient's blood pressure and assess for signs of preeclampsia.
- B. Administer anti-nausea medication and provide comfort measures.
- C. Encourage the patient to rest and drink fluids.
- D. Schedule a follow-up appointment for further evaluation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor the patient's blood pressure and assess for signs of preeclampsia. At 32 weeks gestation, headaches and nausea could be symptoms of preeclampsia, a serious condition in pregnancy. Monitoring blood pressure is crucial as preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure. Assessing for signs of preeclampsia, such as proteinuria or visual disturbances, is essential for timely intervention. Administering anti-nausea medication or encouraging rest without addressing the possibility of preeclampsia could delay necessary treatment. Scheduling a follow-up appointment without immediate assessment could also put the patient at risk if preeclampsia is present.