Nokea
The nurse is presenting a conference on gene dominance. What does the nurse report as the percentage of children carrying the dominant gene if one parent has a dominant gene and the other parent does not?
- A. 10%
- B. 25%
- C. 50%
- D. 100%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If one parent has a dominant trait and the other does not, then 50% of the children will inherit the trait.
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A 34-week gestation woman calls the obstetric office stating, 'Since last night I have had three nosebleeds.'
- A. You should see the doctor to make sure you are not becoming severely anemic.
- B. Do you have a temperature?
- C. One of the hormones of pregnancy makes the nasal passages prone to bleeds.
- D. Do you use any inhaled drugs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pregnancy hormones increase blood supply to mucous membranes, making them more prone to bleeding. Nosebleeds are generally harmless unless associated with other symptoms.
A pregnant patient is 30 weeks gestation and is concerned about gestational hypertension. Which of the following is a key sign of gestational hypertension?
- A. Severe headache and visual changes
- B. Sudden swelling of the hands and feet
- C. Excessive weight loss and fatigue
- D. Frequent urination and dehydration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sudden swelling of the hands and feet. Gestational hypertension is characterized by sudden onset of high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy, leading to fluid retention and swelling. This is known as preeclampsia, a severe form of gestational hypertension. Swelling in the hands and feet is a key sign due to fluid imbalance. Severe headache and visual changes (choice A) are more indicative of preeclampsia complications. Excessive weight loss and fatigue (choice C) are not typical signs of gestational hypertension. Frequent urination and dehydration (choice D) are not directly related to gestational hypertension.
A client makes the following statement after finding out that her pregnancy test is positive, 'This is not a good time. I am in college and the baby will be due during final exams!' Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate at this time?
- A. I’m absolutely positive that everything will turn out all right.
- B. I suggest that you e-mail your professors to set up an alternate plan.
- C. It sounds like you’re feeling a little overwhelmed right now.
- D. You and the baby’s father will find a way to get through the pregnancy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acknowledging the client's feelings of being overwhelmed is the most supportive response. Offering solutions or reassurance without first addressing the client's emotions may not be as effective.
The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient at 38 weeks gestation who is experiencing sudden, severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Assess the fetal heart rate and prepare for delivery.
- B. Encourage the patient to rest and monitor for changes in symptoms.
- C. Call the healthcare provider immediately to report the symptoms.
- D. Provide pain relief and monitor the patient's vital signs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Call the healthcare provider immediately to report the symptoms. This is the first step because sudden, severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in a pregnant patient at 38 weeks gestation could indicate a serious complication such as placental abruption or preterm labor. Notifying the healthcare provider promptly allows for timely intervention and appropriate management.
Choice A is incorrect as assessing the fetal heart rate and preparing for delivery should not be the first action without consulting the healthcare provider. Choice B is incorrect as encouraging the patient to rest is not appropriate in this emergent situation. Choice D is incorrect as providing pain relief and monitoring vital signs should not take precedence over notifying the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management.
A nurse is assisting with a vaginal birth. What is the most appropriate nursing action when the head crowns during delivery?
- A. apply gentle pressure to the fetal head
- B. prepare for delivery of the placenta
- C. assist with shoulder delivery
- D. apply gentle pressure to the perineum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: apply gentle pressure to the fetal head. This action helps prevent rapid delivery, reducing the risk of perineal tearing and promoting controlled delivery of the baby. Applying pressure also helps prevent the baby from being born too quickly, reducing the risk of umbilical cord compression and potential birth injuries.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because at the moment the head crowns, the priority is to assist with the controlled delivery of the baby's head. Delivering the placenta (B) and assisting with shoulder delivery (C) are steps that come after the baby's head is delivered. Applying pressure to the perineum (D) is not recommended as it may increase the risk of perineal tearing.