Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks

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A pregnant woman presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. On examination, her abdomen is rigid, and fetal parts are palpable abdominally. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

  • A. Ectopic pregnancy
  • B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
  • C. Uterine rupture
  • D. Ovarian torsion
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Uterine rupture is the most likely cause of these symptoms in a pregnant woman presenting with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, rigidity of the abdomen, and palpable fetal parts abdominally. Uterine rupture is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy, typically occurring during labor in women with a previous cesarean delivery or other uterine scars. The sudden onset of severe abdominal pain can be associated with vaginal bleeding due to the tearing of the uterine wall, causing fetal parts to be palpable abdominally. This is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical intervention. Ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ovarian torsion may present with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding but would not typically present with palpable fetal parts abdominally in a pregnant woman.

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Pulmonary Rehabilitation for COPD has a duration of at least 4 to 12 weeks. Which of the following should be avoided while patient is having this program?

  • A. Pursed lip breathing
  • B. Smoking cessation
  • C. Aerobic, upper and lower body conditioning
  • D. Peripheral muscle wasting
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD, smoking cessation should not be avoided but instead strongly encouraged. Smoking cessation is a crucial component in managing COPD and improving lung function. Continued smoking can exacerbate COPD symptoms and hinder the progress made through rehabilitation efforts. Therefore, it is essential for patients to quit smoking while undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation to maximize the benefits of the program and improve their overall lung health.

Nurse Sandy has completed the study and started to make a report to be Research department. A written brief summary is submitted which is known as _____.

  • A. narrative
  • B. critical appraisal
  • C. abstract
  • D. monograph
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An abstract is a concise summary of a research study that provides an overview of the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions of the research. It is usually the first section of a research report or article and serves to give the reader a quick understanding of the study without having to read the full document. In this case, Nurse Sandy has completed the study and is preparing to submit a written brief summary to the Research department, which is typically in the form of an abstract. It highlights the key points of the study, allowing others to quickly grasp the main findings and implications.

In the ethical principle of beneficence, which is the BASIS of every nursing action in all work settings?

  • A. Treating all patients selectively.
  • B. Informing patients of hospital bills.
  • C. Respecting refusal of treatment.
  • D. Doing good at all times.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The ethical principle of beneficence, which is the basis of every nursing action in all work settings, emphasizes the importance of doing good at all times for the benefit of the patient. Nurses are expected to act in the best interest of their patients and strive to promote their well-being and welfare. This principle guides nurses to provide care that is compassionate, effective, and in line with the patient's needs and preferences. By prioritizing the good of the patient in all actions and decisions, nurses uphold the principle of beneficence and demonstrate their commitment to promoting positive outcomes for those under their care.

Which assessment findings is INDICATIVE of the diagnosis of hypertension?

  • A. Family members with high blood pressure
  • B. Elevation of blood cholesterol level
  • C. Stressful work environment
  • D. Consistent evaluation of blood pressure
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The assessment finding that is indicative of the diagnosis of hypertension is consistent evaluation of blood pressure. Hypertension is diagnosed based on repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Consistently high blood pressure readings, usually defined as systolic blood pressure consistently at or above 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure consistently at or above 90 mmHg, are a key factor in diagnosing hypertension. Family history of high blood pressure (Choice A), elevation of blood cholesterol level (Choice B), and a stressful work environment (Choice C) may be risk factors for hypertension but are not diagnostic criteria. In order to diagnose hypertension, healthcare providers rely on consistent measurement and evaluation of blood pressure over time.

The nursing team plans to do chart audit project on post-op patients who and developed pressure sores at the Orthopedic unit over the past year to present. What type of audit is?

  • A. Retrospective
  • B. Concurrent
  • C. Process
  • D. Outcome
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A retrospective audit involves reviewing past cases or data to evaluate processes, outcomes, or compliance with standards. In this scenario, the nursing team plans to audit post-op patients who developed pressure sores over the past year at the Orthopedic unit. By looking at historical data from the past year, the audit is considered retrospective as it assesses what has occurred over a specified period. This type of audit helps identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement based on past events.

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