Nokea
A principal comments to the school nurse that it seems there are a lot more problems with asthma
- A. Descriptive epidemiological study
- B. Ecological study
- C. Prospective cohort study
- D. Retrospective cohort study
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Descriptive epidemiological study. This type of study focuses on describing and analyzing patterns of disease occurrence in a population without examining causal relationships. In this scenario, the principal is simply observing an increase in asthma cases without investigating potential causes or risk factors. Choices B, C, and D involve more specific research designs that require a more in-depth analysis of individuals over time to establish causal relationships, which is not the case here.
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According to Campinha-Bacote's "Process of Cultural Competemility in the Delivery of Healthcare Services" model, which question by a nurse represents the "E" in the mnemonic "A-S-K-E-D" for self-examination?
- A. "Am I aware of my prejudices and biases and the presence of racism and other ‘isms'?"
- B. "Do I know how to conduct a culturally specific history, physical, mental health, medication, and spiritual assessment in a culturally sensitive manner?"
- C. "Do I have knowledge regarding different cultures' worldviews, the field of biocultural ecology, and the importance of addressing social determinants of health?"
- D. "Do I have sacred and unremitting encounters with people from cultures different from mine, and am I committed to resolving cross-cultural conflicts?"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it aligns with the "E" component in Campinha-Bacote's model, which stands for "Examination of your own cultural beliefs and attitudes towards health care practices." This question prompts self-reflection on prejudices, biases, and racism, crucial for providing culturally competent care. Option B focuses on assessment skills, not self-examination. Option C emphasizes knowledge, not self-awareness. Option D pertains to resolving conflicts, not self-examination. Thus, A is the correct choice for reflecting on personal biases and attitudes.
A nurse is using analytic epidemiology when conducting a research project. Which of the following projects is the nurse most likely completing?
- A. Reviewing communicable disease statistics
- B. Determining factors contributing to childhood obesity
- C. Analyzing locations where family violence is increasing
- D. Documenting population characteristics for healthy older citizens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Determining factors contributing to childhood obesity. Analytic epidemiology involves investigating the causes of health outcomes in a population. In this case, studying factors contributing to childhood obesity falls under analytic epidemiology as it aims to identify the determinants of a specific health issue. Reviewing communicable disease statistics (A) is descriptive epidemiology, analyzing locations of family violence (C) is also descriptive, and documenting population characteristics for healthy older citizens (D) is more related to preventive medicine rather than analytic epidemiology.
Which of the following statements describes how nursing in the community is more challenging than nursing in an acute care setting?
- A. There is limited access to information useful to the nurse in giving care in the community.
- B. More paperwork and forms are required when giving care in the home.
- C. It is more challenging to control the environment in the community.
- D. Specialization isn't possible in the community setting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because limited access to information in the community setting hinders the nurse's ability to provide comprehensive care. In acute care settings, information such as patient history, lab results, and vital signs are readily available. In the community, nurses may have to rely on incomplete records or lack real-time data. This impacts treatment decisions and coordination with other healthcare providers. Choice B is incorrect as paperwork is a common challenge in both settings. Choice C is incorrect because controlling the environment in the community is different but not necessarily more challenging. Choice D is incorrect as specialization can still occur in the community through advanced training and collaboration.
A nurse has only a regular blood pressure cuff when conducting a health screening for all of the
- A. Reliability
- B. Sensitivity
- C. Specificity
- D. Validity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Specificity. Specificity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those without a certain condition as negative. In this scenario, using a regular blood pressure cuff may not be specific enough to accurately identify individuals who do not have high blood pressure. The cuff may give false positive results, leading to unnecessary concern or further testing. The other choices are incorrect because: A - Reliability refers to the consistency of results, not the accuracy of identifying those without a condition. B - Sensitivity is the ability to correctly identify those with a certain condition as positive, not those without it. D - Validity is the overall accuracy of a test, which includes both sensitivity and specificity, but in this case, specificity is more relevant.
A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse?
- A. Increase the communitys knowledge about hospice care.
- B. Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members.
- C. Encourage employers to have wellness centers at each industrial site.
- D. Ensure timely and effective medical intervention and treatment for community members.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, increasing community's knowledge about hospice care. This intervention addresses end-of-life care, which can reduce premature deaths by ensuring appropriate care for terminally ill individuals. Choice B promotes general health but may not directly impact premature deaths. Choice C focuses on workplace wellness, not community-wide health. Choice D addresses medical treatment but may not prevent premature deaths. Overall, choice A is the most relevant intervention to address premature deaths by improving end-of-life care knowledge in the community.