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Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse?
- A. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen
- B. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions
- C. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine needed health
- D. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because public health nurses collaborate with community leaders to understand community needs and preferences. They rely on community input for effective interventions. Option B is incorrect because assessing and deciding interventions should involve a multidisciplinary team, not a sole decision by the nurse. Option C is incorrect as it focuses on institutional data rather than community input. Option D is incorrect because creating policies is typically a collaborative effort involving various stakeholders.
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A nurse is striving to be culturally competent. Which of the following actions would most likely be taken by the nurse?
- A. Respect individuals from different cultures and value diversity.
- B. Immerse himself or herself in different cultures.
- C. Design care for special ethnic groups.
- D. Give explicit instructions to avoid client decision making.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respect individuals from different cultures and value diversity. This is because cultural competence involves understanding and respecting the beliefs, values, and practices of individuals from diverse backgrounds. By respecting individuals from different cultures and valuing diversity, the nurse can provide more culturally sensitive and effective care.
Choice B is incorrect because simply immersing oneself in different cultures does not guarantee cultural competence. Choice C is incorrect as designing care specifically for special ethnic groups may lead to stereotyping and overlooking individual differences within those groups. Choice D is incorrect as giving explicit instructions to avoid client decision making goes against the principles of autonomy and patient-centered care.
Which action by a nurse working at a community health center is an example of using the ACCESS model of transcultural care?
- A. Utilizing a standardized plan of care
- B. Developing the plan of care with the client
- C. Using a plan of care developed for a specific cultural group
- D. Collaborating with other nurses to develop the plan of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Developing the plan of care with the client. This aligns with the ACCESS model of transcultural care, which emphasizes collaboration between the healthcare provider and the client to develop a culturally sensitive and individualized plan of care. This approach recognizes the client as an active participant in their healthcare, promotes cultural competence, and ensures that the care provided is respectful of the client's beliefs and values.
Choice A is incorrect because utilizing a standardized plan of care may not take into account the client's unique cultural background. Choice C is incorrect as using a plan developed for a specific cultural group may not be applicable or relevant to the individual client. Choice D is incorrect as collaborating with other nurses, while important, does not specifically address the client's input in the care plan.
A city council discusses how former city laws promoted segregation in the community years ago. Which of the following was being demonstrated when segregation occurred?
- A. Prejudice
- B. Cultural imposition
- C. Racism
- D. Stereotyping
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Racism. When segregation occurred due to city laws, it was a demonstration of racism, which involves systemic discrimination and prejudice against individuals based on their race or ethnicity. Racism was institutionalized through these laws, leading to unequal treatment and opportunities for different racial groups. Prejudice (A) refers to preconceived opinions that are not necessarily institutionalized like racism. Cultural imposition (B) is the act of imposing one's cultural values on others and is not the primary factor in segregation. Stereotyping (D) involves generalizations about a group of people but does not necessarily lead to segregation on its own.
A nurse is administering a tuberculosis skin test to a client who has AIDS. Which of the following results should the nurse anticipate when using this screening test?
- A. Decreased positive predictive value
- B. Decreased reliability
- C. Decreased sensitivity
- D. Decreased specificity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased sensitivity. In clients with AIDS, the immune system is compromised, leading to a decreased ability to mount a response to antigens, such as the one in the tuberculosis skin test. This results in a higher likelihood of false-negative results, as the client may have tuberculosis but not have a strong enough immune response to produce a positive result. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate a decreased sensitivity in this population.
A: Decreased positive predictive value is not directly impacted by the client's immune status but rather by the prevalence of the disease in the population.
B: Decreased reliability is a vague term and not specific to the immune status of the client.
D: Decreased specificity is not typically affected by the client's immune status but rather by the test's ability to correctly identify those without the disease.
A nurse has only a regular blood pressure cuff when conducting a health screening for all of the
- A. Reliability
- B. Sensitivity
- C. Specificity
- D. Validity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Specificity. Specificity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those without a certain condition as negative. In this scenario, using a regular blood pressure cuff may not be specific enough to accurately identify individuals who do not have high blood pressure. The cuff may give false positive results, leading to unnecessary concern or further testing. The other choices are incorrect because: A - Reliability refers to the consistency of results, not the accuracy of identifying those without a condition. B - Sensitivity is the ability to correctly identify those with a certain condition as positive, not those without it. D - Validity is the overall accuracy of a test, which includes both sensitivity and specificity, but in this case, specificity is more relevant.