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A qualitative researcher reviews data collected with a grief support group to develop a theory of how widows and widowers mourn. The researcher is using which qualitative research design?
- A. Phenomenology
- B. Grounded theory
- C. Case study
- D. Hypothesis generation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grounded theory is the correct answer because it involves developing a theory based on analyzing data collected from participants. In this case, the researcher is reviewing data from a grief support group to identify patterns and themes, ultimately leading to the development of a theory on how widows and widowers mourn. Phenomenology focuses on understanding individuals' lived experiences, not developing theories. Case study involves an in-depth analysis of a single case, not suitable for developing a theory. Hypothesis generation is part of quantitative research, not qualitative research design.
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A physician shares with the patient's family that, while a central line was being inserted, the patient's lungs were inadvertently punctured, which required oxygen administration. The physician also explains that a chest x-ray indicated the lung remained intact and no additional treatment was required. The physician's role in this instance is based on the legal principle of:
- A. comparative negligence.
- B. gross negligence.
- C. disclosure.
- D. the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: disclosure. In this scenario, the physician shared information about the accidental lung puncture with the patient's family, demonstrating transparency and honesty. This aligns with the legal principle of disclosure, which emphasizes the importance of informing patients and their families about relevant medical information. The physician's actions foster trust and open communication, ensuring that the patient and family are informed about the situation.
Choice A: comparative negligence, is incorrect because it involves assessing the degree of negligence by both parties involved, which is not applicable in this context.
Choice B: gross negligence, is incorrect because the physician's actions do not demonstrate recklessness or a complete disregard for the patient's safety.
Choice D: the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), is incorrect because this law primarily addresses the provision of emergency medical care and ensuring access to necessary services, not the disclosure of medical errors.
When an RN is asked to accept an assignment that he or she may not be qualified to perform, the nurse should:
- A. accept the assignment as appropriate if assigned by a legitimate power.
- B. be primarily concerned with the number of patients being assigned.
- C. ask how other nurses have handled the assignment in the past.
- D. determine whether he or she is familiar with the types of patients being assigned.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Answer D is correct:
1. Ensures patient safety: RN should only accept assignments they are qualified for to provide safe care.
2. Upholds professional standards: Accepting only familiar assignments aligns with nursing scope of practice.
3. Legal and ethical responsibility: RN must prioritize patient well-being over external pressures.
4. Promotes personal growth: RN can seek additional training for unfamiliar assignments.
Summary:
- A: Incorrect. Accepting based on power dynamics disregards patient safety and professional ethics.
- B: Incorrect. Patient safety should be the primary concern over workload.
- C: Incorrect. Past handling may not guarantee appropriateness. Focus should be on personal qualification.
A bronze statue of a nurse in battle fatigues who is obviously exhausted but demonstrates caring by holding a soldier's head is an artistic representation of nurses who served in which war?
- A. World War I
- B. World War II
- C. Spanish-American War
- D. Vietnam War
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: World War II. This statue represents the iconic image of a nurse caring for a soldier during WWII. Nurses played a crucial role in providing medical care and support during the war, often under extreme conditions. The exhausted yet caring portrayal of the nurse holding the soldier's head captures the compassion and dedication of nurses during WWII.
Explanation for other choices:
A: World War I - While nurses also served valiantly in WWI, the imagery of this statue is more closely associated with WWII.
C: Spanish-American War - Nurses did serve in this war, but the statue's depiction aligns more with the context of WWII.
D: Vietnam War - The statue's portrayal does not align with the historical context or imagery commonly associated with nurses in the Vietnam War.
Which organization provides federal funding for research?
- A. National Institute of Nursing Research
- B. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- C. W. K. Kellogg Foundation
- D. Sigma Theta Tau International
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: National Institute of Nursing Research. This organization is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and specifically focuses on funding nursing research. The NIH is a federal agency that provides funding for various scientific research areas, including nursing. The other choices, B: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, C: W. K. Kellogg Foundation, and D: Sigma Theta Tau International, are not federal organizations and do not provide federal funding. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is a private philanthropic organization, W. K. Kellogg Foundation is a private foundation focused on children's wellbeing, and Sigma Theta Tau International is an honor society for nursing professionals.
A nurse is completing the degree requirements for an advanced practice role as a nurse practitioner and is concerned about certification requirements. Which statement concerning certification for advanced practice is true?
- A. All states require certification for all specialty roles that are identified as advanced practice.
- B. Nurse anesthetists and nurse-midwives are the only advanced practice role that require certification in the state nurse practice acts.
- C. Scope of practice remains unclear in state nurse practice acts due to the increasing number of new advanced practice roles.
- D. Certification is automatic when the nurse applies for an advanced practice license.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because most states require certification for all specialty roles identified as advanced practice. This is crucial for ensuring that nurse practitioners have met specific educational and clinical practice requirements to provide safe and competent care.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: Nurse anesthetists and nurse-midwives are not the only advanced practice roles that require certification in most states. Other roles such as nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists also require certification.
C: The increasing number of new advanced practice roles does not necessarily mean that the scope of practice remains unclear in state nurse practice acts. Certification requirements help define the scope of practice for each role.
D: Certification is not automatic when applying for an advanced practice license. Nurses must complete specific educational programs and pass certification exams to obtain certification for their chosen specialty role.