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The occupational health and safety nurse would like to develop programs designed to decrease mortality and morbidity among the workforce. When considering factors related to mortality among health care workers, the nurse should focus efforts on prevention of:
- A. suicide.
- B. violence related injury.
- C. bloodborne disease.
- D. ergonomic hazards.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: bloodborne disease. Health care workers are at risk for exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis B and C. Prevention strategies include proper use of personal protective equipment and adherence to infection control protocols. Bloodborne diseases can have serious consequences on the health and well-being of healthcare workers, leading to mortality and morbidity if not properly prevented.
Explanation for incorrect choices:
A: Suicide - While mental health is an important concern, it is not specifically related to mortality among healthcare workers.
B: Violence related injury - While workplace violence is a concern, it may not be the leading cause of mortality among healthcare workers.
D: Ergonomic hazards - While important for preventing injuries, it may not directly relate to mortality among healthcare workers compared to bloodborne diseases.
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A nonprofit organization that distributes to governmental agencies, the public, business, and health care professionals knowledge related to health care for the purpose of improving health is the:
- A. Institute for Safe Medication Practices.
- B. Institute of Medicine.
- C. National Committee for Quality Assurance.
- D. The Joint Commission.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Institute of Medicine. The Institute of Medicine is known for disseminating knowledge related to health care through government agencies, the public, business, and health care professionals to improve health outcomes. The organization conducts research and provides evidence-based recommendations to address health care challenges.
A: Institute for Safe Medication Practices focuses specifically on promoting safe medication practices, not a broad range of health care knowledge dissemination.
C: National Committee for Quality Assurance primarily focuses on accrediting and certifying health care organizations based on quality standards, rather than broadly distributing health care knowledge.
D: The Joint Commission is responsible for accrediting health care organizations and institutions, ensuring they meet quality and safety standards, but not specifically for distributing health care knowledge to various stakeholders.
A researcher is interested in learning if elderly persons perceive their health to be satisfactory even with comorbidities and chronic illness. A large multisite assistive living facility will be the site. The researcher lists residents in alphabetical order and chooses every third person on the list. To ensure improved generalizability, the researcher is using:
- A. triangulation.
- B. randomization.
- C. informed consent.
- D. a meta-analysis approach.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: randomization. Randomization helps ensure improved generalizability by reducing bias and increasing the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population. In this scenario, choosing every third person from an alphabetical list introduces a systematic bias and may not represent the entire population accurately. Triangulation involves using multiple methods or data sources to validate findings, which is not applicable here. Informed consent is a necessary ethical consideration but does not directly impact generalizability. A meta-analysis approach involves combining and analyzing data from multiple studies, which is not relevant to the sampling method in this scenario. Thus, randomization is the best choice to improve generalizability in this study.
A student nurse wants to meet other nursing students from different countries and to learn of employment possibilities. The student nurse should:
- A. participate in the clinical facility's employee satisfaction task force.
- B. join the Student Nurses Association.
- C. take part in self-mentoring.
- D. postpone taking the licensure examination so he or she can take a tour of foreign countries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: join the Student Nurses Association. This option allows the student nurse to meet other nursing students from different countries and learn about employment possibilities. By joining the association, the student can network with peers, attend conferences, and engage in international exchange programs. Option A is incorrect because the employee satisfaction task force is focused on internal staff issues, not networking with other nursing students. Option C is irrelevant to the student nurse's goal of meeting peers from different countries. Option D is impractical and unnecessary as it suggests delaying the licensure examination for travel, which is not a direct way to achieve the student's objectives.
A state is devastated by a tornado killing many people, destroying communication systems, utility services, homes, and medical facilities. The state requests immediate assistance from the U.S. Congress and from surrounding states. The affected state should first contact the:
- A. Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC).
- B. Institute of Medicine (IOM).
- C. Red Cross.
- D. Strategic National Stockpile.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC).
1. EMAC is a mutual aid agreement among states for disaster response.
2. It allows affected states to request and receive assistance from other states.
3. It facilitates coordination and deployment of resources quickly in emergencies.
4. IOM focuses on health research, Red Cross on humanitarian aid, and Strategic National Stockpile on medical supplies, but they do not provide the immediate multi-sectoral assistance needed in this scenario.
What is the initial step when addressing an ethically challenging situation?
- A. Identify all those who are involved in the situation.
- B. Review the overall situation to identify the core issues.
- C. Gather all the relevant facts about the situations.
- D. Determine what the ethical dilemma is.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Review the overall situation to identify the core issues. This is the initial step when addressing an ethically challenging situation because it allows you to gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation before delving into specific details. By reviewing the overall situation, you can identify the key ethical issues at play and prioritize which aspects need to be addressed first. This step sets the foundation for developing an effective strategy to navigate the ethical dilemma.
Incorrect answers:
A: Identifying all those involved is important, but it should come after reviewing the situation.
C: Gathering facts is necessary, but reviewing the overall situation should precede this step.
D: Determining the ethical dilemma is crucial, but it is more effective to first review the entire situation to fully grasp the complexities before pinpointing the ethical issue.