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A recently widowed patient tells the health care provider, I have so much epigastric discomfort. I wonder if I have an ulcer. Diagnostic tests are negative. The symptom demonstrates:
- A. early reorganization behavior.
- B. disorganization and depression.
- C. preoccupation with the deceased.
- D. normal phenomenon of mourning.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sensations of somatic distress are often experienced during the acute stage of grieving. They include tightness in the throat, shortness of breath, exhaustion, and pain or sensations such as those experienced by the dead person.
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are often a damage for themselves and each other.
- A. Infants
- B. Toddlers
- C. Adolescents
- D. Adults
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Toddlers, due to their exploratory nature and lack of full motor control, often unintentionally harm themselves or others.
What is the role of the physician when the patient lacks decisionmaking capacity and someone other than a family member has been designated as the surrogate decision maker?
- A. Follow the instructions of the family and ignore the surrogate
- B. Ignore the family and talk only to the surrogate
- C. Serve as a mediator between parties and encourage all groups to work together in the best interest of the patient, consistent with the patient's wishes
- D. Consult legal affairs to determine who should be the decisionmaker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mediation ensures collaboration and honors the patient's designated surrogate.
A patient who has HIV asks the nurse why blood work has to be done so frequently. Which response should the nurse make to the patient?
- A. B-lymphocyte levels increase if you have an acute infection.'
- B. Phagocytes are decreased when the disease is in an active phase.'
- C. Neutrophil counts help the doctor titrate medication levels to keep you healthy.'
- D. CD4+ lymphocyte counts are monitored to determine the progression of the disease.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because monitoring CD4+ lymphocyte counts is crucial in managing HIV. CD4+ cells are the primary target of the HIV virus, and their count reflects the status of the immune system and disease progression. By tracking CD4+ levels, healthcare providers can determine the need for antiretroviral therapy and assess the effectiveness of treatment.
Choice A is incorrect because B-lymphocytes are not typically used to monitor HIV progression. Choice B is incorrect as phagocytes are not specifically related to HIV disease progression. Choice C is incorrect as neutrophils are not the primary indicator for managing HIV.
The greatest benefit derived from current work being done related to pharmacogenetics is that:
- A. The cost of medication manufacturing will be drastically reduced.
- B. Research and development of new drugs will be much less costly.
- C. Medications will be designed so that they do not cause unwanted side effects.
- D. Medications will be formulated so that only one dose per day will be required.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because pharmacogenetics allows medications to be designed based on an individual's genetic makeup, minimizing unwanted side effects. This is beneficial as it enhances treatment effectiveness and safety. Choice A is incorrect as cost reduction in manufacturing is not the primary focus of pharmacogenetics. Choice B is incorrect as research and development costs are not directly impacted by pharmacogenetics. Choice D is incorrect as the frequency of medication dosing is not the main benefit derived from pharmacogenetics.
he theorist who believes that human nature is positive is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carl Rogers' humanistic approach views human nature as inherently positive, with a drive toward growth.