Nokea
A second trend occurring with growth and development of the infant states that development is proximodistal. This means:
- A. Growth progresses from gross motor movements to fine motor movements.
- B. Both sides of the body grow equally.
- C. All humans experience the same growth patterns.
- D. As nerve pathways develop, they become more specialized.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proximodistal development means growth progresses from the center of the body outward, starting with gross motor movements and advancing to fine motor skills.
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Many different factors affect growth and development. For example, why does Mary have blonde hair and blue eyes while John has brown hair and green eyes?
- A. childhood illnesses
- B. genetic inheritance
- C. prenatal influences
- D. maternal nutrition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genetic inheritance determines physical traits such as hair and eye color, which are passed down from parents.
A child gains weight and becomes taller each year. What is this process called?
- A. development
- B. orderly change
- C. progression
- D. growth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Growth refers to the physical changes in size, such as gaining weight and becoming taller, which occur over time.
A 10-year-old boy tells his mother that he is going to be just like his father when he grows up. According to Freud, what stage of development is this child experiencing?
- A. anal
- B. phallic
- C. latency
- D. genital
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At age 10, a child is in Freud's latency stage (6-puberty), where they identify with the same-sex parent and focus on social and intellectual skills.
Which of the following statements accurately describe factors that may affect an individuals growth and development? Select all that apply.
- A. Physical characteristics such as height, bone size, and eye and hair color are inherited from the family of origin.
- B. Fetal development can be altered by maternal age or inadequate maternal nutrition or substance abuse.
- C. Abuse of alcohol and drugs is more prevalent in teenagers who have poor family relationships, low self-esteem, and poor social skills.
- D. Infants who are malnourished in utero develop fewer brain cells than infants who have had adequate prenatal nutrition.
- E. Environmental factors such as poverty and violence do not have a direct effect on growth and development.
- F. Inadequate caregiving skills may affect growth of the individual, but it has no effect on predetermined development.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: A: Genetic inheritance determines physical characteristics. B: Maternal factors like age and nutrition impact fetal development. C: Social and psychological factors influence adolescent behavior. D: Prenatal malnutrition affects brain development. E is incorrect as environmental factors like poverty and violence do impact growth and development. F is incorrect as inadequate caregiving affects both growth and development.
All humans learn from both formal and informal experiences. What orderly pattern of changes results in part from learning?
- A. development
- B. growth
- C. maturity
- D. aging
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Development is the orderly pattern of changes in behavior, thinking, and skills that result from learning and maturation.