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A single parent is experiencing feelings of inadequacy related to work and family since one teenaged child ran away several weeks ago. The parent seeks the help of a therapist specializing in cognitive therapy. The psychotherapist who uses cognitive therapy will introduce what intervention?
- A. Discussing ego states
- B. Focusing on unconscious mental processes
- C. Negatively reinforcing an undesirable behavior
- D. Helping the parent identify and change faulty thinking.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive therapy changes faulty beliefs to improve behavior. Ego states are transactional analysis, unconscious processes are psychoanalytic, and reinforcement is behavioral.
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A nurse listens to a group of recent retirees. One says, 'I volunteer with Meals on Wheels, coach teen sports, and do church visitation.' Another laughs and says, 'I'm too busy taking care of myself to volunteer. I don't have time to help others.' These comments contrast which developmental tasks?
- A. Trust versus Mistrust
- B. Industry versus Inferiority
- C. Intimacy versus Isolation
- D. Generativity versus Self-Absorption
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Both retirees are in middle adulthood, facing Generativity versus Self-Absorption. One shows generativity through volunteering, the other self-absorption. Trust versus Mistrust involves trust issues, Industry versus Inferiority work competence, and Intimacy versus Isolation emotional connection.
A basic level registered nurse works with patients in a community setting. Which groups should this nurse expect to lead?
- A. Symptom management
- B. Medication education
- C. Family therapy
- D. Psychotherapy
- E. Self-care
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Basic level nurses lead psychoeducational groups like symptom management, medication education, and self-care. Family therapy and psychotherapy require advanced practice.
A 26-month-old child displays negative behaviors. The parent says, 'My child refuses toilet training and shouts, 'No!' when given direction. What do you think is wrong?' Select the nurse's best reply.
- A. This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence.
- B. The child needs firmer control. Punish the child for disobedience and say, 'No.'
- C. There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2 years.
- D. Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a remedial plan.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These negative behaviors are typical of a child around the age of 2 years whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The incorrect options indicate the child's behavior is abnormal.
An adult expresses the wish to be taken care of and often behaves in a helpless fashion. This adult has needs related to which of Freud's stages of psychosexual development?
- A. Latency
- B. Phallic
- C. Anal
- D. Oral
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fixation at the oral stage produces dependent behaviors in adults. Latency fixations lead to social skill deficits, phallic fixations to authority issues, and anal fixations to rigidity or messiness.
A student nurse tells the instructor, 'I don't need to interact with my patients. I learn what I need to know by observation.' The instructor can best interpret the nursing implications of Sullivan's theory by providing what response?
- A. Nurses cannot be isolated. We must interact to provide patients with opportunities to practice interpersonal skills.'
- B. Observing patient interactions can help you formulate priority nursing diagnoses and appropriate interventions.'
- C. I wonder how accurate your assessment of the patient's needs can be if you do not interact with the patient.'
- D. Noting patient behavioral changes is important because these signify changes in personality.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sullivan's theory emphasizes interpersonal relationships. Interaction is essential for nurses to model mutuality and empathy. Observation alone lacks subjective data, and the other responses align with different theories.