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A smiling patient angrily states, “I will notcough and deep breathe.” How will the nurse interpret this finding?
- A. The patient’s denotative meaning is wrong.
- B. The patient’s personal space was violated.
- C. The patient’s affect is inappropriate.
- D. The patient’s vocabulary is poor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient's affect, which refers to their emotional expression, is inappropriate. The patient is smiling while expressing anger, which is a contradiction. This inconsistency indicates a possible underlying issue such as emotional distress or confusion. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not about the patient's understanding of the term "cough and deep breathe." Choice B is incorrect as there is no mention of personal space violation. Choice D is incorrect as the issue is not related to the patient's vocabulary but rather their emotional expression.
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A nurse practitioner is examining a patient who presented at the free clinic with vulvar pruritus. For which assessment finding would the practitioner look that may indicate the patient has an infection caused by Candida albicans?
- A. Cottage cheese-like discharge
- B. Yellow-green discharge
- C. Gray-white discharge
- D. Watery discharge with a fishy odor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cottage cheese-like discharge. Candida albicans is a common cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis, characterized by itching and cottage cheese-like discharge. This type of discharge is specific to a yeast infection. Yellow-green discharge (choice B) is indicative of trichomoniasis, gray-white discharge (choice C) is seen in bacterial vaginosis, and watery discharge with a fishy odor (choice D) is characteristic of bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. Therefore, the presence of cottage cheese-like discharge is a key indicator of a Candida albicans infection.
Initiate feeding.
- A. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
- B. 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
- C. 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
- D. 2, 1, 4, 5, 3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (2, 4, 1, 3, 5) because it follows the correct sequential order for initiating feeding. First, you need to prepare the food (2), then set up the feeding area (4), followed by inviting the person to eat (1), serving the food (3), and finally allowing them to eat (5). The other choices do not adhere to the logical sequence required for initiating feeding. Choice A and D have incorrect sequences of steps, while Choice C has steps 1 and 4 switched, which disrupts the proper order of initiating feeding.
A 6-year-old child is brought to the pediatric clinic for the assessment of redness and discharge from the eye and is diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis. What is the most important information to discuss with the parents and child?
- A. Handwashing can prevent the spread of the disease to others.
- B. The importance of compliance with antibiotic therapy
- C. Signs and symptoms of complications, such as meningitis and septicemia
- D. The likely need for surgery to prevent scarring of the conjunctiva
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Handwashing is crucial in preventing the spread of viral conjunctivitis, which is highly contagious.
Step 2: Children often touch their eyes and then surfaces, aiding in disease transmission.
Step 3: Educating parents and the child on proper hand hygiene can help contain the infection.
Step 4: Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections, so compliance is not necessary.
Step 5: Complications like meningitis and septicemia are extremely rare with viral conjunctivitis.
Step 6: Surgery is not indicated for viral conjunctivitis, as it is a self-limiting condition.
A patient has been diagnosed with hearing loss related to damage of the end organ for hearing or cranial nerve VIII. What term is used to describe this condition?
- A. Exostoses
- B. Otalgia
- C. Sensorineural hearing loss
- D. Presbycusis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sensorineural hearing loss. This type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII). Exostoses (A) are bony growths in the ear canal, not related to cranial nerve VIII. Otalgia (B) refers to ear pain, not hearing loss. Presbycusis (D) is age-related hearing loss, not specifically related to damage of the end organ for hearing or cranial nerve VIII. Therefore, C is the most appropriate term to describe the given condition.
The nurse is preparing to check the gastric aspirate for pH. Which equipment will the nurse obtain?
- A. 10-mL Luer-Lok syringe
- B. Asepto syringe
- C. Sterile gloves
- D. Double gloves
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 10-mL Luer-Lok syringe. The nurse should use this syringe to obtain a gastric aspirate for pH testing because it allows for accurate measurement of the aspirate volume. Asepto syringe (B) is not suitable for this purpose as it is not designed for accurate measurement. Sterile gloves (C) and double gloves (D) are not equipment used specifically for obtaining gastric aspirate for pH testing. Sterile gloves are used for infection control, and double gloves are used for additional protection during procedures.