Nokea
During a recent visit to the clinic a woman presents with erythema of the nipple and areola on the right breast. She states this started several weeks ago and she was fearful of what would be found. The nurse should promptly refer the patient to her primary care provider because the patients signs and symptoms are suggestive of what health problem?
- A. Peau dorange
- B. Nipple inversion
- C. Pagets disease
- D. Acute mastitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Erythema of nipple/areola in one breast can be a sign of Paget's disease, a rare form of breast cancer.
2. Paget's disease may also present with itching, tingling, or a burning sensation in the affected area.
3. Referring the patient promptly is crucial for early detection and appropriate management.
4. Peau d'orange (A) is a sign of advanced breast cancer, not typically presenting with erythema alone.
5. Nipple inversion (B) may be benign or related to other conditions, not typically presenting with erythema.
6. Acute mastitis (D) presents with breast pain, warmth, swelling, and fever, but not typically with isolated erythema of the nipple/areola.
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A nurse is caring for an immigrant with low income.Which information should the nurse consider when planning care for this patient?
- A. There is a decreased frequency of morbidity.
- B. There is an increased incidence of disease.
- C. There is an increased level of health.
- D. There is a decreased mortality rate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: There is an increased incidence of disease. Low-income immigrants often face barriers to healthcare access, leading to higher rates of undiagnosed and untreated health conditions. This information is crucial for the nurse to plan appropriate care interventions.
Incorrect choices:
A: Decreased frequency of morbidity is not accurate as low-income immigrants may experience higher rates of illness due to lack of resources.
C: Increased level of health is unlikely in this population due to socioeconomic factors affecting health outcomes.
D: Decreased mortality rate is not supported as low-income immigrants may have higher mortality rates due to limited access to healthcare.
A 6-year-old child is brought to the pediatric clinic for the assessment of redness and discharge from the eye and is diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis. What is the most important information to discuss with the parents and child?
- A. Handwashing can prevent the spread of the disease to others.
- B. The importance of compliance with antibiotic therapy
- C. Signs and symptoms of complications, such as meningitis and septicemia
- D. The likely need for surgery to prevent scarring of the conjunctiva
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Handwashing is crucial in preventing the spread of viral conjunctivitis, which is highly contagious.
Step 2: Children often touch their eyes and then surfaces, aiding in disease transmission.
Step 3: Educating parents and the child on proper hand hygiene can help contain the infection.
Step 4: Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections, so compliance is not necessary.
Step 5: Complications like meningitis and septicemia are extremely rare with viral conjunctivitis.
Step 6: Surgery is not indicated for viral conjunctivitis, as it is a self-limiting condition.
A nurse is assessing the skin integrity of a patient who has AIDS. When performing this inspection, the nurse should prioritize assessment of what skin surfaces?
- A. Perianal region and oral mucosa
- B. Sacral region and lower abdomen
- C. Scalp and skin over the scapulae
- D. Axillae and upper thorax
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perianal region and oral mucosa. In patients with AIDS, these areas are more prone to opportunistic infections due to decreased immune function. The perianal region can be affected by conditions like anal warts or herpes, while the oral mucosa can develop oral thrush or other oral infections. By prioritizing assessment of these areas, the nurse can promptly identify any potential issues and initiate appropriate interventions.
Choice B: Sacral region and lower abdomen are not typically high-risk areas for skin integrity issues in AIDS patients.
Choice C: Scalp and skin over the scapulae are not commonly affected by opportunistic infections related to AIDS.
Choice D: Axillae and upper thorax are not as commonly affected as the perianal region and oral mucosa in AIDS patients.
A woman is considering breast reduction mammoplasty. When weighing the potential risks and benefits of this surgical procedure, the nurse should confirm that the patient is aware of what potential consequence?
- A. Chronic breast pain
- B. Unclear mammography results
- C. Increased risk of breast cancer
- D. Decreased nipple sensation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreased nipple sensation. During breast reduction mammoplasty, nerves responsible for nipple sensation may be disrupted, leading to decreased sensation in the nipple area. This is an important consequence to consider as it can impact the patient's satisfaction and quality of life post-surgery.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Chronic breast pain is a potential risk of surgery but not a consequence directly related to nipple sensation.
B: Unclear mammography results may occur due to breast tissue changes from surgery, but it is not a direct consequence of decreased nipple sensation.
C: Increased risk of breast cancer is not a common consequence of breast reduction mammoplasty and is not directly related to nipple sensation.
An oncology nurse is caring for a patient who has developed erythema following radiation therapy. What should the nurse instruct the patient to do?
- A. Periodically apply ice to the area.
- B. Keep the area cleanly shaven.
- C. Apply petroleum jelly to the affected area.
- D. Avoid using soap on the treatment area.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apply petroleum jelly to the affected area. This is because petroleum jelly helps to soothe and protect the skin, reducing dryness and irritation caused by radiation therapy. Ice (A) can further damage the skin, shaving (B) can increase the risk of infection, and soap (D) can be too harsh on the sensitive skin. Therefore, instructing the patient to apply petroleum jelly is the most appropriate recommendation to promote skin healing and comfort.