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A woman asks a nurse about presymptomatic genetic testing for Huntington's disease. The nurse should base her response on which of the following?
- A. There is no genetic marker for Huntington's disease.
- B. Presymptomatic testing cannot predict whether or not the gene will be expressed.
- C. If the woman is positive for the gene for Huntington's
- D. she will develop the disease later in life.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A positive result for the Huntington's gene guarantees eventual development of the disease.
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A 44-year-old woman presents with an unexpected pregnancy. She asks the nurse, 'Is my baby going to have a birth defect? My third cousin has Down syndrome.' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Tell the patient she is at risk for gene mutation because a birth defect in a distant relative places the woman at increased risk.
- B. Discuss the potential risk for intrauterine growth retardation due to the mother's advanced age.
- C. Discuss the patient's situation with the physician to ask for a referral to high-risk obstetrics.
- D. Discuss the potential risk for a chromosomal abnormality based on the patient's advanced age.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The correct answer is D because advanced maternal age (AMA), generally defined as 35 years or older, is a well-known risk factor for chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.
Step 2: Down syndrome is more common in babies born to mothers over the age of 35 due to the increased likelihood of errors in cell division during egg development.
Step 3: Given the patient's age of 44, she falls into the category of AMA and is at an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities in her baby.
Step 4: Option A is incorrect as the risk is not solely based on gene mutation but rather on the increased chance of chromosomal abnormalities due to age.
Step 5: Option B is incorrect as it focuses on intrauterine growth retardation, which is not directly related to the patient's query about birth defects.
Step 6: Option C is incorrect as a referral to high-risk obstetrics may not be necessary solely based on the patient's
The nurse is counseling a couple about infertility. Which piece of assessment data may affect the woman's ability to become pregnant?
- A. The woman exercises three times a week for 1 hour.
- B. The couple each consumes a glass of wine each night.
- C. The couple has a sauna in their backyard.
- D. The male partner works on heavy machinery.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Having a sauna in the backyard may affect the woman's ability to become pregnant due to the potential negative impact of excessive heat on sperm production and ovulation. Saunas can raise body temperature, which can be harmful to sperm and reduce fertility.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Regular exercise is generally beneficial for fertility and overall health, so this is unlikely to significantly impact the woman's ability to become pregnant.
B: Consuming a glass of wine each night in moderation is not likely to have a significant impact on fertility unless it leads to excessive alcohol consumption.
D: Working on heavy machinery may pose risks to male fertility due to potential exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation, but this choice doesn't directly impact the woman's ability to become pregnant.
The nurse is instructing a client on taking her basal body temperature. What is the primary purpose of this test?
- A. To determine if the client's cervical mucus contains enough estrogen to support sperm motility.
- B. To identify if the client's temperature rises 1 to 5 days after midcycle.
- C. To assess whether surgical correction of uterine pathology is needed.
- D. To identify if the client is experiencing blockage of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B because basal body temperature rises 1 to 5 days after midcycle, indicating ovulation. This helps determine the client's most fertile period for conception. Choice A is incorrect as basal body temperature does not assess cervical mucus. Choice C is incorrect as it does not evaluate uterine pathology. Choice D is incorrect as basal body temperature does not assess blockage of uterine cavity or fallopian tubes.
A nurse is explaining the benefits of embryo freezing to a patient. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Frozen embryos have a higher success rate than fresh ones.
- B. It allows for future pregnancy attempts without additional egg retrieval.
- C. Embryo freezing eliminates the need for hormonal support during IVF.
- D. Only genetically modified embryos can be frozen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because embryo freezing allows for future pregnancy attempts without additional egg retrieval. This is important as it saves time, cost, and reduces physical burden on the patient. Choice A is incorrect as success rates are similar for frozen and fresh embryos. Choice C is incorrect because hormonal support is still required during IVF with frozen embryos. Choice D is incorrect as genetically unmodified embryos can also be frozen.
During ovulation induction, a patient asks why hormone levels are monitored so frequently. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. To predict embryo quality before fertilization.
- B. To ensure hormone levels stay within safe and effective ranges for egg maturation.
- C. To confirm the patient is pregnant before the cycle ends.
- D. To determine if the uterine lining is ready for implantation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Monitoring hormone levels during ovulation induction is essential to ensure that the hormones stay within safe and effective ranges for successful egg maturation. By closely monitoring hormone levels, healthcare providers can adjust medication dosages as needed to optimize the chances of successful ovulation. This helps to minimize the risk of overstimulation or understimulation of the ovaries, which can impact the quality of the eggs produced.
A: Predicting embryo quality before fertilization is not the primary purpose of monitoring hormone levels during ovulation induction.
C: Confirming pregnancy before the cycle ends is not the purpose of hormone level monitoring during ovulation induction.
D: Determining if the uterine lining is ready for implantation is important, but this is typically assessed through other methods such as ultrasound rather than hormone level monitoring.