Genitourinary System Diseases

Genitourinary System Diseases Related

Review Genitourinary System Diseases related questions and content

A woman is in the clinic for an annual gynecologic examination. The nurse should plan to begin the interview with the:

  • A. Menstrual history, because it is generally nonthreatening.
  • B. Obstetric history, because it includes the most important information.
  • C. Urinary system history, because problems may develop in this area as well.
  • D. Sexual history, because discussing it first will build rapport.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Menstrual history, because it is generally nonthreatening. Starting with the menstrual history is appropriate as it is a common and noninvasive topic that can help build rapport and make the patient feel more comfortable. It also provides important insights into the patient's overall health and reproductive system. By addressing this topic first, the nurse can establish a foundation for a more in-depth discussion of other aspects of the patient's gynecologic health.

Summary of other choices:
B: Obstetric history is not the most appropriate to start with as it may not be relevant for all patients during an annual gynecologic examination.
C: Urinary system history may not be the most relevant starting point for a routine gynecologic exam and may not be as nonthreatening as discussing menstrual history.
D: Sexual history, while important, may be more sensitive and personal for some patients, making it less suitable as an initial topic for building rapport and establishing trust.

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Which of the following antibiotics is considered safe to use in newborn babies?

  • A. Chloramphenicol
  • B. Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
  • C. Tetracyclines
  • D. Ampicillin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ampicillin. It is considered safe to use in newborn babies due to its efficacy against common bacterial infections in this age group. Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is often prescribed for neonatal sepsis and meningitis. It is also well-tolerated and has minimal side effects in newborns.

A: Chloramphenicol is not recommended in newborns due to the risk of gray baby syndrome.
B: Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole can cause kernicterus and other adverse effects in newborns.
C: Tetracyclines can lead to tooth discoloration and inhibit bone growth in newborns.

Which of the following antiviral drug most commonly used drug for prevention and treatment of CMV infections in the immunocompromised patients?

  • A. Ganciclovir
  • B. Indinavir
  • C. Amantadine
  • D. Foscarnet
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Ganciclovir is the preferred antiviral for CMV infections due to its effectiveness against CMV.
2. It works by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, stopping viral replication.
3. Indinavir is a protease inhibitor used for HIV, not CMV.
4. Amantadine is used for influenza A virus, not CMV.
5. Foscarnet is an alternative for CMV if ganciclovir is not tolerated.

What indicates to the nurse that a patient with AKI is in the recovery phase?

  • A. A return to normal weight
  • B. A urine output of 3700 mL/day
  • C. Decreasing sodium and potassium levels
  • D. Decreasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. A urine output of 3700 mL/day indicates improved kidney function.
2. Increased urine output signifies the kidneys are able to filter and excrete waste.
3. High urine output is a positive sign of recovery in AKI patients.
4. Monitoring urine output is crucial in assessing kidney function.
5. Return to normal weight (choice A) may not directly indicate kidney recovery.
6. Decreasing sodium and potassium levels (choice C) can be due to other factors.
7. Decreasing BUN and creatinine levels (choice D) are important but do not directly indicate the recovery phase in AKI patients.

Which of the following cephalosporins has activity against gram negative anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis, and the only cephalosporins that cross the blood brain barrier and enter the brain?

  • A. Ceftriaxone
  • B. Cefoxitin
  • C. Cephalexin
  • D. Cefixime
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin known for broad-spectrum coverage.
2. It has excellent activity against gram-negative anaerobes such as Bacteroides fragilis.
3. It is also one of the cephalosporins that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
4. The other choices do not have the same anaerobic coverage or BBB penetration.
Summary:
- B: Cefoxitin is a second-generation cephalosporin with anaerobic coverage but does not cross the BBB.
- C: Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin with limited anaerobic activity and no BBB penetration.
- D: Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin with no anaerobic activity or BBB penetration.

Cloxacillin is indicated in infections caused by the following organism(s) * a Staphylococci

  • A. Streptococci
  • B. Gonococci
  • C. All of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Cloxacillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic effective against Staphylococci.
2. Streptococci are not within the spectrum of activity for Cloxacillin.
3. Gonococci are also not susceptible to Cloxacillin.
4. Therefore, the correct answer is A (Streptococci), as Cloxacillin is indicated only for Staphylococcal infections.

Summary:
Choice A is correct because Cloxacillin is effective against Staphylococci. Choices B and C are incorrect because Cloxacillin is not indicated for Gonococci or all of the organisms mentioned.

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