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A woman is sitting in a corner of the clinical waiting room, crying audibly. The nurse asks, "What's wrong? Can I help?" The woman responds, "They just told me I have a positive mammogram and I need to see my doctor for follow-up tests. I know I'm going to die of cancer. How can I tell my family?" Which of the following information does the nurse need to know in order to help the woman cope with this finding?
- A. The negative predictive value of mammography
- B. The positive predictive value of mammography
- C. The reliability of mammography
- D. The validity of mammography
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The negative predictive value of mammography. The nurse needs this information to help the woman cope because it indicates the probability that a negative mammogram truly indicates the absence of breast cancer. Knowing this value can provide reassurance to the woman that a positive mammogram doesn't definitively mean she has cancer. The other choices are incorrect because: B (Positive predictive value) focuses on the likelihood of cancer if the test is positive, which may increase the woman's anxiety. C (Reliability) refers to the consistency of results, but it doesn't directly address the woman's concerns about her health. D (Validity) assesses how well a test measures what it is supposed to measure, but it doesn't offer immediate reassurance to the woman in this emotional moment.
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A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily.
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Treatment, but not prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This recommendation aims to prevent osteoporosis from developing in the first place by promoting adequate calcium intake. Primary prevention focuses on reducing the risk factors and promoting healthy behaviors to prevent the onset of a disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are related to different stages of disease prevention and management. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment to prevent complications, tertiary prevention focuses on managing the complications of a disease, and treatment without prevention (choice D) implies addressing the disease after it has already developed.
Which of the following public health nurses most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
- A. The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
- B. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
- C. The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
- D. The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because meeting with community groups to discuss recreation issues aligns with the role of a public health nurse, promoting community health and well-being. This involves proactive engagement with the community to address health concerns at a broader level. Choice B, attending meetings, is important but does not directly fulfill the role of engaging with the community. Choice C, talking to individuals about health concerns, is more focused on individual health rather than community health. Choice D, watching a city council meeting, provides information but lacks active engagement with the community.
Which action should the nurse perform when teaching a client with LEP and who is from a culture different than their own?
- A. Use accurate medical terms
- B. Assume the client has basic math skills
- C. Perform a health literacy assessment
- D. Research practices of the client's culture online
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Perform a health literacy assessment. This is important because it helps the nurse understand the client's ability to comprehend health information. This step ensures that the teaching materials and methods are appropriate for the client's understanding level.
A: Using accurate medical terms may not be effective if the client is not familiar with them.
B: Assuming the client has basic math skills is not relevant to teaching health information.
D: Researching practices of the client's culture online is helpful but not as crucial as assessing health literacy directly.
The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when developing long-range plans for staffing and space allocation. Which of the following sources of information would be most helpful?
- A. Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city
- B. The National Health Interview Survey
- C. The National Hospital Discharge Survey
- D. The state's vital statistics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city. This source of information would be most helpful because it provides specific and relevant data regarding the health trends of the local population. By utilizing local data, the administration can tailor their long-range plans to address the unique health issues faced by the community they serve.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: The National Health Interview Survey provides national-level data, which may not accurately reflect the health trends specific to the local medical center.
C: The National Hospital Discharge Survey focuses on hospital-specific data and may not capture the full scope of health problems in the community.
D: State's vital statistics offer general information but may lack the specificity needed for targeted planning at the local medical center.
A nurse is working with a population that exhibits a large amount of diversity. The nurse recognizes that skin color of individuals within this population is an example of what?
- A. Multiculturalism
- B. Ethnicity
- C. Race
- D. Culture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Race. Skin color is a physical characteristic that is used to categorize individuals into different racial groups based on common physical traits. This is different from ethnicity (choice B), which refers to shared cultural practices and beliefs. Multiculturalism (choice A) and culture (choice D) are broader concepts that encompass various aspects beyond just physical characteristics like skin color. Therefore, the correct answer is race as it specifically relates to the observable physical differences among individuals within a population.