Nokea
A woman's obstetric history indicates that she is pregnant for the fourth time and all of her children from previous pregnancies are living. One was born at 39 weeks of gestation, twins were born at 34 weeks of gestation, and another child was born at 35 weeks of gestation. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system?
- A. 3-1-1-1-3
- B. 4-1-2-0-4
- C. 3-0-3-0-3
- D. 4-2-1-0-3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct calculation of this woman's gravidity and parity is 4-1-2-0-4. The numbers reflect the woman's gravidity and parity information.
You may also like to solve these questions
A patient in her first trimester complains of nausea and vomiting. The patient asks, “Why is
this happening?” What is the nurse’s best response?
- A. "It is due to an increase in gastric motility."
- B. "It may be due to changes in hormones."
- C. "It is related to an increase in glucose levels."
- D. "It is caused by a decrease in gastric secretions."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "It may be due to changes in hormones." During the first trimester of pregnancy, hormonal changes, particularly an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen levels, can trigger nausea and vomiting. This is known as morning sickness. These hormonal fluctuations can affect the gastrointestinal system, leading to symptoms of nausea and vomiting.
Choice A (increase in gastric motility) is incorrect because nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are more commonly attributed to hormonal changes rather than an increase in gastric motility.
Choice C (increase in glucose levels) is also incorrect as there is no direct link between elevated glucose levels and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
Choice D (decrease in gastric secretions) is incorrect as there is no evidence to support that a decrease in gastric secretions causes nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
During a patient's physical examination the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is soft on palpation. The nurse would document this finding as:
- A. Hegar's sign.
- B. McDonald's sign.
- C. Chadwick's sign.
- D. Goodell's sign.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At approximately 6 weeks of gestation, softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment occurs; this is called Hegar's sign.
Which finding in the urine analysis of a pregnant woman is considered a variation of normal?
- A. Proteinuria
- B. Glycosuria
- C. Bacteria in the urine
- D. Ketones in the urine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycosuria. In pregnant women, glycosuria is considered a variation of normal due to the hormonal changes affecting glucose metabolism. During pregnancy, the renal threshold for glucose is lowered, leading to glucose spillage in urine without significant pathology. Proteinuria (A) can indicate kidney damage. Bacteria in the urine (C) suggest a possible urinary tract infection. Ketones in the urine (D) may indicate a metabolic disorder or inadequate carbohydrate intake. Glycosuria in pregnancy is a physiological adaptation and not necessarily a cause for concern.
A woman's obstetric history indicates that she is pregnant for the fourth time and all of her children from previous pregnancies are living. One was born at 39 weeks of gestation, twins were born at 34 weeks of gestation, and another child was born at 35 weeks of gestation. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system?
- A. 3-1-1-1-3
- B. 4-1-2-0-4
- C. 3-0-3-0-3
- D. 4-2-1-0-3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for Answer B (4-1-2-0-4):
1. Gravidity: Total number of pregnancies - She is pregnant for the 4th time (G=4).
2. Term Births: Number of pregnancies reaching 37 weeks or more - She had 1 term birth (T=1).
3. Preterm Births: Number of pregnancies ending between 20-36 weeks - She had twins born at 34 weeks (P=2).
4. Abortions: Number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks - She has no reported abortions (A=0).
5. Living Children: Number of living children - She has all her children from previous pregnancies living (L=4).
Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect because it indicates 3 term births, which is not accurate.
C: Incorrect as it suggests 3 living children, which is not consistent with the scenario.
D: Incorrect due to incorrect number of preterm births and living
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their blood pressure, maternity nurses should be aware that:
- A. a blood pressure cuff that is too small produces a reading that is too low; a cuff that is too large produces a reading that is too high
- B. shifting the patient's position and changing from arm to arm for different measurements produces the most accurate composite blood pressure reading at each visit
- C. the systolic blood pressure increases slightly as pregnancy advances; the diastolic pressure remains constant
- D. compression of the iliac veins and inferior vena cava by the uterus contributes to hemorrhoids in the later stage of term pregnancy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compression of pelvic veins by the enlarging uterus contributes to varicosities, including hemorrhoids. Blood pressure trends vary, but systolic pressure generally remains stable while diastolic pressure decreases initially.