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According to Watson's theory, how should the nurse manager deal with a staff member who has a substance addiction and is arriving at work under the influence of the substance?
- A. Send the nurse home with instructions not to return until clear of the substance.
- B. Call the police and have the nurse arrested for working while impaired.
- C. Confront the nurse privately, order drug testing, and suggest a substance abuse program.
- D. Notify the board of nursing and fire the nurse immediately.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Watson's theory, a caring approach is essential. Confronting the nurse privately, ordering drug testing, and suggesting a substance abuse program demonstrates empathy and supports the staff member in seeking help for their addiction. This approach aligns with the principles of human caring and compassion, focusing on the well-being and recovery of the individual rather than punitive measures. Choices A and D are too harsh and lack empathy, not considering the individual's well-being or offering support for rehabilitation. Choice B is inappropriate and punitive, not aligned with a caring and compassionate approach as advocated by Watson's theory.
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The nurse overhears a physician yelling at a newly hired graduate nurse in the hall. What is the nurse's best caring response?
- A. Yell at the physician for yelling at a new graduate and report the incident to the supervisor.
- B. Wait until the situation ends and comfort the graduate privately.
- C. Suggest that the physician take a quieter and more private approach to the problem.
- D. Ignore the situation to avoid embarrassing the graduate further.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Suggesting a quieter and more private approach to the problem is the best caring response as it addresses the issue respectfully. This response shows empathy towards the graduate nurse and also aims to improve the situation without escalating it further. Choice A is not ideal as responding to yelling with yelling can exacerbate the situation. Choice B, while offering comfort, does not address the issue directly. Choice D is not recommended as ignoring the situation may not help the graduate nurse and can lead to the continuation of inappropriate behavior.
What theme of critical thinking is demonstrated by the belief that continuous learning contributes to the ongoing process?
- A. Critical thinking is a productive and positive activity.
- B. Critical thinking is a process, not an outcome.
- C. Manifestations of critical thinking vary, depending on the context in which they occur.
- D. Critical thinking is triggered by both positive and negative events.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The belief that continuous learning contributes to the ongoing process aligns with the theme that critical thinking is a process, not an outcome. This suggests that critical thinking involves a continuous, dynamic process of evaluating information, making connections, and adapting one's thinking over time, rather than being a fixed end result. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D do not directly address the continuous nature of critical thinking or its ongoing development, making them incorrect.
How does the nurse apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs in care?
- A. Judging the patient's behavior
- B. Improving the skillfulness of care
- C. Understanding the patient's behavior
- D. Improving communication skills
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a framework that helps nurses understand the different levels of human needs and prioritize care accordingly. By applying this framework, nurses can better understand the patient's behavior in the context of their unmet needs. This understanding allows nurses to provide holistic and patient-centered care that addresses not just the physical but also the emotional, social, and psychological needs of the patient. Choice A is incorrect because applying Maslow's hierarchy is about understanding, not judging, the patient's behavior. Choice B is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the application of Maslow's hierarchy. Choice D is also incorrect as improving communication skills, although important, is not the primary focus when applying Maslow's hierarchy of needs in care.
What factor has had the greatest impact on the current nursing shortage?
- A. Later age at which women have children
- B. Decrease in the number of women being born
- C. Overall unemployment rate
- D. Increased employment options for women
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The increased employment options for women have had a significant impact on the current nursing shortage. With more career choices available to women, there is a decrease in the number of individuals pursuing nursing as a profession, contributing to the shortage. This is because women are choosing diverse career paths due to increased opportunities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A later age at which women have children and the decrease in the number of women being born are not directly related to the nursing shortage. The overall unemployment rate, while influencing job availability, is not the primary factor driving the shortage of nurses.
The nursing assistant asks the nurse to explain the meaning of advocacy. The nurse explains the fundamental principle of patient advocacy is what?
- A. Independence
- B. Caring
- C. Competence
- D. Protection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Protection is the fundamental principle of patient advocacy, ensuring that patients' rights and interests are safeguarded. Advocacy involves actively speaking up for the patient, ensuring they receive proper care, their wishes are respected, and they are protected from harm or exploitation. It goes beyond independence, caring, and competence, focusing on safeguarding the patient's well-being and ensuring their rights are upheld. While independence, caring, and competence are important aspects of patient care, they do not encompass the core principle of advocacy, which is to protect the patient's rights and well-being.