Nokea
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known _________.
- A. postsynaptic receptors
- B. enzymes that rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters
- C. drugs of abuse
- D. neurotransmitters
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known neurotransmitters that play critical roles in the nervous system. Acetylcholine is involved in muscle contraction, memory, and learning, while norepinephrine regulates attention, arousal, and stress responses. These neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on postsynaptic neurons, triggering electrical signals that propagate neural communication. Their proper functioning is essential for normal brain and body activities.
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The nurse is assessing a child diagnosed with a brain tumor. Which of the following signs and symptoms would the nurse expect the child to demonstrate? Select all that apply.
- A. Head tilt
- B. Vomiting
- C. Polydipsia
- D. Lethargy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Sitting relaxed and facing you, have your patient perform the following sequence of activities: With arms outstretched, alternately bring in each hand and touch the tip of each index finger to his nose. Next, have the patient rapidly alternate patting his knees with the palmer , then the dorsal aspects of his hands. Finally, have the patient rapidly extend and tap his foot against your hand. Which component of the neurological exam are you assessing?
- A. Sensory function
- B. Cerebellar function
- C. Cranial nerves
- D. Mental status
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These activities assess cerebellar function, which includes coordination, balance, and fine motor skills. Sensory function, cranial nerves, and mental status are evaluated through different tests, such as pinprick sensation, cranial nerve examination, and cognitive assessments.
Lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements:
- A. parietal lobe
- B. temporal lobe
- C. occipital lobe
- D. frontal lobe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The frontal lobe contains the primary motor cortex, which is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements. The parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes have different functions, and the diencephalon is not a lobe. Thus, D is the correct answer.
The affection of cerebellar may produce any of the following EXCEPT:
- A. nystagmus
- B. ataxia
- C. dysmetria
- D. dyspraxia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dyspraxia is the correct answer because it is a disorder of motor planning and execution, typically associated with damage to the frontal or parietal lobes, rather than the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination, balance, and fine motor control, so its dysfunction results in ataxia, dysmetria, and nystagmus.
A client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis has an acute onset of visual changes, fatigue, and leg weakness. The client says that the last time this happened, recovery occurred in a few weeks. Which classification of multiple sclerosis is the client experiencing?
- A. Progressive-relapsing
- B. Secondary-progressive
- C. Relapsing-remitting
- D. Primary-progressive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Relapsing-remitting MS is characterized by periods of exacerbation followed by partial or complete recovery. This pattern matches the client's description of their symptoms.