Nokea
Adherence is improved when a drug can be given once daily. Which of the following drugs can be given once daily?
- A. Tacrine
- B. Donepezil
- C. Memantine
- D. Pyridostigmine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Donepezil's long half-life allows once-daily dosing, improving adherence.
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The patient has a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and is taking the drug interferon beta-1a (Rebif). The patient takes this drug by subcutaneous injection three times a week. The dosage is 44 mcg per injection. If the patient takes an injection on Monday, how much of the drug would still be in the patient's system when she takes her next injection on Wednesday, assuming the half-life of the drug is 24 hours?
- A. 22 mcg
- B. 16.5 mcg
- C. 11 mcg
- D. 5.5 mcg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to 1 half the peak level it previously achieved. On Tuesday, there would be 22 mcg remaining in the body, so option A is incorrect. On Wednesday 11 mcg would remain, so option C is the correct answer. At 12 hours before taking the next dose on Wednesday, there would be 16.5 mcg remaining. If the injection were not taken on Wednesday, 12 hours after the dose was due, there would be 5.5 mcg remaining.
Which of the following statements about pancreatic enzymes is true?
- A. Dosing may be titrated according to the decrease of steatorrhea
- B. The amount of carbohydrates in the meal drives the amount of enzyme used
- C. The amount of medication used is increased with a cystic fibrosis pulmonary flare
- D. The FDA and Internet-available formulations are bioequivalent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancreatic enzyme dosing adjusts based on steatorrhea reduction; carbs aren't the driver, and flares don't increase it.
A drug may be classified by which of the following? Select one that does not apply.
- A. The chemical type of the drug's active ingredient
- B. The way the drug is seen
- C. The generic name of the drug
- D. The trade name of the drug
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Generic, trade, and nonproprietary refer to how a drug is named.
Where are large fenestrations or slit junctions located?
- A. Bone
- B. Brain
- C. Skin
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver has large fenestrations in sinusoidal endothelium, allowing easy drug passage, unlike the brain (tight junctions) or bone/skin (less permeable).
Which of the following is seen in first order kinetics
- A. Rate depends upon plasma cone.
- B. Rate does not depend on plasma cone.
- C. Rate depends upon plasma protein binding
- D. Elimination depends upon amount of drug
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In first-order kinetics, the elimination rate is proportional to plasma concentration.