Nokea
After a demonstration of isometric (muscle-setting) exercises, which of the following comments by the patient tells you he has understood how to do the exercises?
- A. I pull on the traction rope to release the tension for 5 seconds and release.
- B. I draw the kneecap toward the thigh, hold for 5 seconds and relax.
- C. I lift myself up off the bed for 5 seconds by using the trapeze and relax.
- D. I turn to my right side, hold for 5 seconds and relax.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Isometric exercises involve contracting muscles without movement; drawing the kneecap demonstrates correct technique.
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The patient was referred to the office by the school nurse for a lateral curvature of the spine. The nurse knows this is called
- A. lordosis
- B. scoliosis
- C. ankylosis
- D. kyphosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scoliosis refers to lateral curvature of the spine.
Which of the following may reduce the risk of excessive bleeding in a client who is scheduled to undergo an orthopedic surgery?
- A. Withholding aspirin before the surgery.
- B. Withholding antacids before the surgery.
- C. Encouraging the intake of red meat before the surgery.
- D. Avoiding excess fluid intake before the surgery.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin can increase bleeding risk; withholding it reduces this risk.
The nurse assessed decorticate rigidity in the unconscious client. What is the best description for this posturing?
- A. Flexion of the upper and lower extremities into a fetal-like position
- B. Rigid extension of the upper and lower extremities and plantar flexion
- C. Complete flaccidity of both upper and lower extremities and hyperextension of the neck
- D. Flexion of the upper extremities, and plantar flexion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decorticate rigidity involves flexion of the upper and lower extremities into a fetal-like position. This posturing indicates damage to the corticospinal tracts above the brainstem and is a sign of severe neurological injury. It is often seen in conditions like traumatic brain injury or stroke.
Which other extraarticular manifestation of RA is most likely to be seen in the patient with rheumatoid nodules?
- A. Lyme disease
- B. Felty syndrome
- C. Sjögren's
- D. Spondyloarthropathies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Felty syndrome involves splenomegaly and neutropenia.
Nerve impulses are carried to another part of the body by a neuron's (nerve cell):
- A. dendrites
- B. axon
- C. neuron cell body
- D. synapse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The axon is the part of a neuron responsible for carrying nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. It is a long, slender projection that conducts electrical signals, known as action potentials, to the axon terminals. At the terminals, the signal triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse, facilitating communication with the next neuron or target cell. The axon is essential for transmitting information across the nervous system.