ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation Related

Review ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation related questions and content

After administering 40 mEq of potassium chloride, a nurse evaluates the clients response. Which manifestations indicate that treatment is improving the clients hypokalemia? (Select all tha do not t apply.)

  • A. Strong productive cough
  • B. Active bowel sounds
  • C. U waves present on the electrocardiogram (ECG)
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: U waves present on the electrocardiogram (ECG). U waves are indicative of hypokalemia, and their presence indicates that the potassium chloride treatment is improving the condition.

Explanation:
1. A: Strong productive cough - This manifestation is not related to potassium levels and does not indicate improvement in hypokalemia.
2. B: Active bowel sounds - While hypokalemia can cause gastrointestinal issues, active bowel sounds alone do not specifically indicate improvement in potassium levels.
3. C: U waves present on ECG - U waves are a classic ECG finding in hypokalemia. The presence of U waves indicates a positive response to potassium chloride treatment.
4. D: No response provided - Not applicable.

In summary, the presence of U waves on the ECG is a key indicator of improvement in hypokalemia, while the other manifestations do not directly relate to potassium levels.

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You are working on a burns unit, and one of your acutely ill patients is exhibiting signs and symptoms of third spacing. Based on this change in status, you should expect the patient to exhibit signs and symptoms of what imbalance?

  • A. Metabolic alkalosis
  • B. Hypermagnesemia
  • C. Hypercalcemia
  • D. Hypovolemia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Third spacing occurs when fluid shifts from the intravascular space to interstitial spaces, leading to hypovolemia. This results in decreased circulating blood volume, leading to signs of hypovolemia such as tachycardia, hypotension, and low urine output. Metabolic alkalosis, hypermagnesemia, and hypercalcemia are not directly related to third spacing and are not the expected imbalances in this scenario.

A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed a medication that inhibits aldosterone secretion and release. For which potential complications should the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Urine output of 25 mL/hr
  • B. Serum potassium level of 5.4 mEq/L
  • C. Blood osmolality of 250 mOsm/L
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why option A is correct:
1. Inhibition of aldosterone secretion leads to decreased sodium reabsorption and increased water excretion.
2. Decreased aldosterone can result in decreased blood volume and BP, leading to decreased urine output.
3. Monitoring urine output is crucial to assess renal function and fluid balance.
4. A urine output of 25 mL/hr is considered inadequate and can indicate renal impairment or dehydration.

Summary:
Option A is correct as it directly relates to the mechanism of action of inhibiting aldosterone secretion. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the expected complications of aldosterone inhibition.

A nurse assesses a client who is experiencing an acid-base imbalance. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.34, PaO2 88 mm Hg, PaCO2 38 mm Hg, and HCO3 19 mEq/L. Which assessment should the nurse perform first?

  • A. . Cardiac rate and rhythm
  • B. Skin and mucous membranes
  • C. Musculoskeletal strength
  • D. Level of orientation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiac rate and rhythm. In an acid-base imbalance, the pH is below the normal range indicating acidosis. The nurse should assess the cardiac rate and rhythm first because acidosis can have negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Acidosis can lead to arrhythmias and decreased cardiac output. Monitoring the cardiac rate and rhythm is crucial to detect any cardiac complications early. Choices B, C, and D are not the priority in this situation as they are not directly impacted by acid-base imbalances.

A nurse develops a plan of care for a client who has a history of hypocalcemia. What interventions should the nurse include in this clients care plan? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Use a draw sheet to reposition the client in bed.
  • B. . Strain all urine output and assess for urinary stones.
  • C. Provide nonslip footwear for the client to use when out of bed.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Straining all urine output and assessing for urinary stones is important for a client with hypocalcemia as they are at risk for developing kidney stones due to increased calcium excretion. By straining urine, the nurse can monitor for the presence of stones.

A, using a draw sheet to reposition the client, is not directly related to hypocalcemia. C, providing nonslip footwear, is important for fall prevention but not specific to hypocalcemia. D, since it is not provided, cannot be evaluated.

A nurse is caring for a client who has the following laboratory results: potassium 3.4 mEq/L, magnesium 1.8 mEq/L, calcium 8.5 mEq/L, sodium 144 mEq/L. Which assessment should the nurse complete first?

  • A. Assess the client's dietary intake of foods high in potassium.
  • B. Assess the client's neuromuscular status.
  • C. Assess the client's fluid intake and output.
  • D. Read food labels to determine sodium content.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Read food labels to determine sodium content. The nurse should assess the client's sodium level of 144 mEq/L, which is slightly above the normal range. High sodium intake can lead to fluid retention, hypertension, and other health issues. By reading food labels to determine sodium content, the nurse can identify sources of high sodium intake in the client's diet and provide appropriate dietary recommendations. This assessment is crucial in managing the client's sodium levels and overall health.

Assessing the client's dietary intake of foods high in potassium (Choice A) is not the priority in this case since the client's potassium level is within the normal range. Assessing the client's neuromuscular status (Choice B) is important but not the first priority when considering the electrolyte imbalances present. Assessing the client's fluid intake and output (Choice C) is also important but does not address the immediate concern related to the client's elevated sodium level.

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