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After assessing the health care needs of an elementary school, the nurse determines that an increased prevalence of pediculosis capitis is a priority problem. The nurse develops a 2-month program with the goal to eradicate the condition in the school. The program includes educational pamphlets sent home to parents and regular assessment of children by the school nurse. What action should the nurse implement to evaluate the effectiveness of the program?
- A. Survey parents 3 weeks after pamphlets are sent home to assess their understanding of the condition.
- B. Evaluate the teacher's ability to identify pediculosis capitis 2 months after initiation of the program.
- C. Measure the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among the children after four months.
- D. Conduct an initial examination of each child in the school to obtain baseline data.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Measuring the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among the children after four months would directly assess the effectiveness of the program. A decrease in the prevalence of the condition would indicate that the program was effective.
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An older adult client visits the community health clinic, reporting the onset of pain, redness, and swelling in the right eye. What is the most important for the clinic nurse to ask the client?
- A. Do you have any discharge from the eye?
- B. Are all of your immunizations up-to-date?
- C. Have you started any new medications recently?
- D. How frequently do you wash your hands?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If an older adult client reports pain, redness, and swelling in the eye, asking about discharge from the eye is crucial. These symptoms could indicate a number of conditions, including conjunctivitis or uveitis. Discharge, especially if it is pus-like or sticky, could suggest an infection.
During a home health visit, the nurse observes that an elderly client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is wearing loose cloth slippers. The client reports discomfort when wearing other shoes due to long toenails. Upon inspection, the nurse finds long, thick nails that curl under some of the client's toes. What should the nurse do in this situation?
- A. Demonstrate proper foot care to the client and family.
- B. Gradually trim the client's toenails over several visits.
- C. Arrange for a home health aide to assist the client with hygiene weekly.
- D. Schedule an appointment for the client with a podiatrist.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scheduling an appointment for the client with a podiatrist is the best option. A podiatrist is a healthcare professional who specializes in foot care. They can safely trim the client's long, thick toenails and assess for any other foot-related issues.
A teenager with a history of recurring atopic dermatitis (eczema) tells the school nurse of a desire to play high school sports. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Advise the teenager to shower with non-perfumed soaps immediately after practice.
- B. Inform the parents of problems associated with perspiration for those with eczema.
- C. Inform the athletic coach of the teenager's skin condition and its manifestations.
- D. Encourage the teenager to join the swim team instead of an outdoor sport.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Showering with non-perfumed soaps immediately after practice is a good practice for a teenager with a history of recurring atopic dermatitis (eczema) who wants to play high school sports. Heat and humidity can cause perspiration, which intensifies itching with atopic dermatitis (eczema), so the client should be encouraged to shower, using non-perfumed soaps, as soon as possible after physical activity to remove perspiration.
The nurse is developing disaster plans for a community. Which situation is an example of a high-intensity and small-scope disaster?
- A. A hurricane that destroys 50,000 homes and kills 5,000 victims.
- B. A forest fire that destroys 25,000 acres with significant damage to livestock.
- C. A tornado that destroys 25 houses and uproots an interstate for 0.5 miles.
- D. An explosion at a water treatment plant that affects the community water supply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A tornado that destroys 25 houses and uproots an interstate for 0.5 miles is an example of a high-intensity, small-scope disaster. The disaster is high-intensity due to the destructive nature of a tornado, but the scope is relatively small, affecting only a limited number of houses and a small section of an interstate.
The occupational health nurse in a mobile clinic is formulating an exposure control plan for blood-borne pathogens. Which topics should the nurse incorporate into this plan? Select all that apply.
- A. Areas with negative-pressure airflow.
- B. Puncture-resistant sharps containers.
- C. Needleless medication delivery systems.
- D. Vaccination schedule for Hepatitis B.
- E. Personal protective equipment (PPE).
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Puncture-resistant sharps containers, needleless medication delivery systems, vaccination schedule for Hepatitis B, and personal protective equipment (PPE) are all critical components of an exposure control plan for blood-borne pathogens. These measures directly reduce the risk of exposure and infection.