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After teaching a group of nursing students about nonprescription drugs, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following?
- A. They require a licensed health care provider's signature.
- B. They are referred to as over-the-counter drugs.
- C. They can be taken without risk to the client.
- D. They do not have certain labeling requirements.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nonprescription drugs are often referred to as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. They do not require a prescription (a licensed health care provider's signature) but do not come without risk to the client. The federal government has imposed labeling requirements of OTC drugs and they should only be taken as directed on the label unless under the supervision of a health care provider.
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A client with diabetes mellitus visits a health care clinic. The client's diabetes mellitus previously had been well controlled with glyburide (DiaBeta) daily, but recently the fasting blood glucose level has been 180 to 200 mg/dL. Which medication, if added to the client's regimen, may have contributed to the hyperglycemia?
- A. Prednisone
- B. Phenelzine (Nardil)
- C. Atenolol (Tenormin)
- D. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prednisone may decrease the effect of oral hypoglycemics, insulin, diuretics, and potassium supplements. Option 2, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and option 3, a β-blocker, have their own intrinsic hypoglycemic activity. Option 4 decreases urinary excretion of sulfonylurea agents, causing increased levels of the oral agents, which can lead to hypoglycemia.
Vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to:
- A. Hair loss
- B. Insomnia
- C. Dry scales on the scalp
- D. Numbness and tingling of the hands
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin B12 deficiency causes neurological symptoms like numbness and tingling due to nerve damage.
Success rates for smoking cessation using NRT:
- A. Are about the same regardless of the method chosen
- B. Vary from 40% to 50% at 12 months
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Success rates are similar across NRT methods (e.g., gum, patch), typically 20-25% at 12 months.
When completing the check to ensure that the right drug is being administered to the client, which of the following should the nurse compare?
- A. Medication
- B. Container label
- C. Medication record
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse compares the medication, container label, and medication record and then the MAR as the item is removed from the cart and before the actual administration of the drug.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for Ramelteon. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following foods while taking this medication?
- A. Baked potato
- B. Fried chicken
- C. Whole-grain bread
- D. Citrus fruits
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High-fat foods like fried chicken can delay ramelteon's onset, a melatonin receptor agonist.