Nokea
Aminoglycosides are most effective against which kind of microorganism?
- A. Aerobic gram-negative bacteria
- B. Anaerobic gram-negative bacteria
- C. Aerobic gram-positive bacteria
- D. Anaerobic gram-positive bacteria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aminoglycosides target aerobic gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis, requiring oxygen-dependent uptake.
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Following is the example of second generation antihistaminic:
- A. Diphenhydramine
- B. Promethazine
- C. Chlorpheniramine
- D. Cetirizine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine with less sedation due to reduced CNS penetration, unlike first-generation drugs like diphenhydramine, promethazine, and chlorpheniramine.
The role of the NP in the use of herbal medication is to:
- A. Maintain competence in the prescribing of common herbal remedies
- B. Recommend common over-the-counter herbs to patients
- C. Educate patients and guide them to appropriate sources of care
- D. Encourage patients to not use herbal therapy due to the documented dangers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NPs should educate patients and guide them to safe herbal use, not universally discourage it.
The nurse learns that a drug needed by the patient is classified as an orphan drug and recognizes what as a reason for this classification? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. The drug is rarely prescribed.
- B. The drug has dangerous adverse effects.
- C. The drug treats a rare disease.
- D. The patent on the medication is still effective.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Drugs are classified as orphan drugs when they are not financially viable for a drug company to produce either because of risk for lawsuits about adverse effects or because the drug is not prescribed, which is often seen in rare diagnoses. Generic drugs are not produced until the patent expires, but this has no impact on classifying a particular drug as an orphan drug. Generic drugs are often produced by companies that only manufacture drugs without conducting research, but this has no bearing on the classification of orphan drugs.
Which statement(s) is/are true regarding computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE)?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Integrates the ordering system with the pharmacy, laboratory, and nurses
- B. Provides instant access to online information to facilitate patient care needs
- C. Facilitates review of ordered medications for potential drug interactions
- D. Alleviates the need to perform mathematical computations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CPOE systems integrate patient information, provide instant access, facilitate review of ordered medications for potential drug interactions, and facilitate review of drugs for appropriateness of dosages. Alleviation of the need to perform mathematical computations is not a component of the CPOE system.
Not metabolized in liver
- A. Cimetidine
- B. Phenytoin
- C. Diazepam
- D. Penicillin G
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Penicillin G is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys, unlike the others metabolized by the liver.