Nokea
After teaching a group of nursing students about pharmacokinetics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the first phase?
- A. Metabolism
- B. Absorption
- C. Distribution
- D. Excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics refers to the transportation activity of drugs in the body after administration. The first component is absorption. This is followed by distribution, metabolism, and finally excretion.
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Patients taking warfarin need to be educated about the vitamin K content of foods to avoid therapeutic failure. Foods high in vitamin K that should be limited to no more than one serving per day include:
- A. Spinach
- B. Milk
- C. Romaine lettuce
- D. Cauliflower
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can antagonize warfarin's anticoagulant effect if consumed excessively.
Which of the following NSAIDs is a selective COX-2 inhibitor?
- A. Indomethacin
- B. Meloxicam
- C. Etoricoxib
- D. Mefenamic acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Etoricoxib is a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor, reducing GI side effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs.
Herbs and supplements are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herbs and supplements are not regulated as drugs by the FDA; they fall under dietary supplement rules.
L-Dopa is
- A. Converted to methyl dopa in the body
- B. Antagonised by riboflavine
- C. Antagonized by nicotinic acid
- D. Combined with carbidopa for enhanced effect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carbidopa enhances L-Dopa's effect by preventing peripheral breakdown.
Secobarbital and ethanol when given together show:
- A. Additive sedative action
- B. Reduced sedative action
- C. Competitive antagonism
- D. Chemical antagonism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Both secobarbital (barbiturate) and ethanol are CNS depressants, resulting in additive sedation.