Nokea
After teaching a group of nursing students about the half-life of a drug, the instructor determines the need for additional teaching when the students identify which of the following as true? Select all that apply:
- A. Half-life can be decreased in clients with renal disease.
- B. Half-life can help determine dosing frequency.
- C. Half-life does not change throughout a client's life.
- D. Liver disease can decrease half-life.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Half-life is the measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body, and any difficulty in excreting a drug increases half-life, including liver or kidney disease or advanced age. Thus, A and C are incorrect statements requiring further teaching.
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Which of the following is a biguanides which is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II:
- A. Repaglinide
- B. Glibenclamide
- C. Metformin
- D. Pioglitazone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the primary biguanide used for type 2 diabetes, reducing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity.
The following cholinesterase inhibitor is used in anaesthesia:
- A. Neostigmine
- B. Physostigmine
- C. Endrophonium
- D. Donepezil
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neostigmine reverses non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers in anesthesia.
When administering a prescribed drug to a client, which action would be completely inappropriate? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Charting immediately on the MAR after drug administration
- B. Removing a drug from an unlabeled container
- C. Giving a drug that someone else prepared
- D. Crushing tablets or opening capsules
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should always record immediately on the MAR after drug administration. The nurse should never remove a drug from an unlabeled container, give a drug that someone else prepared, or crush tablets or open capsules without consulting a pharmacist. The drug's unit dose wrapper should remain on until the nurse arrives at the client's bedside.
Drug absorbed by active transport is
- A. Propranolol
- B. Ergotamine
- C. Levodopa
- D. Amantidine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levodopa uses active transport via amino acid carriers in the gut.
Which one of the following is a fundamental difference between competitive and noncompetitive antagonist?
- A. Competitive and non competitive work on different receptors
- B. Competitive antagonist reduces agonist potency (increase EC50) and non competitive antagonist reduces agonist efficacy (decrease E max)
- C. There is no difference between them, they are exactly the same
- D. Non competitive antagonist causes an upward shift of the E max while competitive antagonist does the opposite
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competitive antagonists shift potency (EC50), while noncompetitive reduce efficacy (Emax), a key pharmacological distinction.