Nokea
Inhaled corticosteroids in Bronchial Asthma:
- A. Produce modest immediate bronchodilation
- B. Are synergistic with inhaled methacholine
- C. Are antagonized by atropine
- D. Inhibit IgE-antigen binding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids reduce inflammation by inhibiting IgE-mediated responses.
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A nurse is providing instructions to the parent of an adolescent client who has a new prescription for Albuterol, PO. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You can take this medication to abort an acute asthma attack.
- B. Tremors are an adverse effect of this medication.
- C. Prolonged use of this medication can cause hyperglycemia.
- D. This medication can slow skeletal growth rate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tremors are a common side effect of albuterol due to beta-agonist stimulation.
The following cholinesterase inhibitor is used in anaesthesia:
- A. Neostigmine
- B. Physostigmine
- C. Endrophonium
- D. Donepezil
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neostigmine reverses non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers in anesthesia.
Jim is being treated for hypertension. Because he has a history of heart attack, the drug chosen is atenolol. Beta blockers treat hypertension by:
- A. Increasing heart rate to improve cardiac output
- B. Reducing vascular smooth muscle tone
- C. Increasing aldosterone-mediated volume activity
- D. Reducing aqueous humor production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers like atenolol reduce vascular tone and heart rate, lowering blood pressure.
The nurse explains that what drug resource book is compiled from package inserts?
- A. Nurse's Drug Guide
- B. Physicians Desk Reference (PDR)
- C. Drug Facts and Comparisons
- D. AMA Drug Evaluations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PDR is a compilation of information found on package inserts. The Nurse's Drug Guide uses more easily understood language and incorporates nursing considerations and patient teaching points. Drug Facts and Comparisons includes cost comparison, often not found in other drug resource guides. The AMA Drug Evaluations is far less biased than the PDR and includes drugs still in the research stage of development.
Glucocorticoids causes:
- A. Protein catabolism and muscle atrophy
- B. Protein anabolism and increase of muscle mass
- C. Stimulation of growth in children
- D. Decrease of \mathrm{Na}+ reabsorbtion and \mathrm{K}+\mathrm{K}+ excretion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids cause protein catabolism and muscle atrophy by breaking down proteins.