Nokea
After the second abortion a 23 year old woman has been diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. Which drug should be used for toxoplasmosis treatment?
- A. Co-trimoxazole
- B. Itraconazole
- C. Mebendazole
- D. Azidothimidine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Co-trimoxazole. This drug combination is the first-line treatment for toxoplasmosis due to its efficacy against Toxoplasma gondii. Co-trimoxazole consists of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, which work synergistically to inhibit bacterial and protozoal folate synthesis, effectively treating toxoplasmosis.
B: Itraconazole is an antifungal medication and not effective against toxoplasmosis.
C: Mebendazole is an anthelmintic drug used for treating parasitic worm infections, not toxoplasmosis.
D: Azidothimidine, also known as AZT, is used for treating HIV, not toxoplasmosis.
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Penicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-producing strains must be detected..
- A. After antibiotic therapy is begun
- B. Before antibiotic therapy is begun
- C. During the antibiotic therapy
- D. No importance for the time of detection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Before antibiotic therapy is begun. Detecting penicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-producing strains before antibiotic therapy is crucial to ensure proper treatment. If detected after therapy (choice A), it may lead to treatment failure. Detection during therapy (choice C) may result in delayed or ineffective treatment. Choice D is incorrect as early detection is essential for successful management.
An inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication following a group A streptococcal infection is:
- A. endocarditis
- B. rheumatic fever
- C. nephritis
- D. cytomegalovirus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can occur as a complication following a group A streptococcal infection. This is known as a post-streptococcal complication. It typically affects the heart, joints, skin, and brain. Endocarditis (choice A) is also a complication of streptococcal infections, but it is an infection of the heart valves, not an inflammatory disease like rheumatic fever. Nephritis (choice C) is inflammation of the kidneys and is not directly related to streptococcal infections. Cytomegalovirus (choice D) is a different viral infection and is not associated with streptococcal infections.
One of the basic principles of chemotherapy is:
- A. Selective toxicity
- B. Accumulation in the macroorganism
- C. Causing allergies to the macroorganism
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Selective toxicity. Chemotherapy aims to target cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy cells, known as selective toxicity. This principle is crucial to effectively treat cancer without causing excessive damage to the patient's body. Accumulation in the macroorganism (B) and causing allergies (C) are not fundamental principles of chemotherapy and can lead to harmful side effects. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it aligns with the core objective of chemotherapy.
When examining a patient presumptively diagnosed with food toxicoinfection, a doctor on duty has detected symptoms characteristic of botulism. The patient named the meals he ate the day before. What is the most probable cause of infection?
- A. Homemade canned meat
- B. Custard pastry from a private bakery
- C. Sour cream from a local dairy factory
- D. Strawberries from a suburban vegetable garden
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Homemade canned meat. Botulism is caused by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria, which thrives in low-oxygen environments like improperly canned food. Homemade canned meat poses a higher risk of contamination as it may not have been processed correctly, allowing the bacteria to grow and produce toxins. Custard pastry, sour cream, and strawberries are less likely to cause botulism as they are not typically associated with the bacteria unless improperly handled or stored. Homemade canned meat is the most probable cause based on the characteristic symptoms of botulism and the conditions that favor the growth of Clostridium botulinum in canned food.
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis may be due to:
- A. Parvovirus B19
- B. CMV
- C. Adenovirus
- D. Herpesvirus type 2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for choice C (Adenovirus) being correct:
1. Adenovirus is a common cause of acute hemorrhagic cystitis.
2. Adenovirus infects the bladder epithelium, leading to inflammation and bleeding.
3. Symptoms include hematuria and bladder pain.
4. Diagnosis is confirmed through viral culture or PCR testing.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Parvovirus B19 - More commonly associated with erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) and aplastic anemia.
B: CMV - Known to cause congenital infections, mononucleosis, and retinitis, not typically associated with hemorrhagic cystitis.
D: Herpesvirus type 2 - Commonly causes genital herpes, but not typically associated with acute hemorrhagic cystitis.