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----aims at discussing and understanding the problem, advising and empowering him to take a decision concerning his/her career or life goals in one-to-one sessions:
- A. Guidance
- B. Counseling
- C. Advice
- D. Advise
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Counseling empowers decision-making through one-on-one problem exploration (Rogers).
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The child's ability to understand cause and effect develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cause-and-effect understanding begins in the sensorimotor stage through actions (Piaget).
hich of the following terms refers to individual beliefs and actions that are rooted in stereotype behaviors?
- A. Gender segregation
- B. Intersequentialized sexism
- C. Gender socialization
- D. Individual sexism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Individual sexism reflects personal stereotypical beliefs and actions, unlike broader processes.
The child inability to see from other's perspective is
- A. Object permanence
- B. Conservation
- C. Reversibility
- D. Egocentrism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Egocentrism (Piaget) is the preoperational child's inability to adopt others' viewpoints.
Which of the following lifestyle changes is most likely to decrease a patient's risk of coronary heart disease?
- A. Switching from 2% milk to 1% low-fat milk
- B. Exercising on a daily basis
- C. Taking a multivitamin supplement
- D. Cutting back on work schedule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Daily exercise significantly reduces coronary heart disease risk.
he theorist who believes that human behavior is influenced by rewards is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. B.F. Skinner
- D. Albert Bandura
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning explains behavior through rewards and punishments.