Nokea
All enzymes involved in protein digestion are:
- A. secreted by the pancreas
- B. activated by HCl
- C. present in the stomach
- D. secreted in an inactive form
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Protein-digesting enzymes like pepsinogen and trypsinogen are secreted in an inactive form and activated later.
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Secretin is a hormone that:
- A. stimulates the release of pancreatic fluid
- B. converts trypsinogen into trypsin
- C. activates chymotrypsin
- D. inhibits the action of pancreatic lipase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluids to neutralize stomach acid.
Match each term with the correct description: organ that holds urine until it leaves the body
- A. urethra
- B. urinary system
- C. bladder
- D. kidneys
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The bladder stores urine until it is excreted.
Which part(s) of the esophagus necessitate(s) input from the central nervous system to orchestrate peristalsis?
- A. The upper third
- B. The middle third
- C. The lower third
- D. The upper and middle portions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The upper third of the esophagus, with striated muscle, requires CNS input (via the vagus nerve) for primary peristalsis.
What is frenulum?
- A. It is the fold by which tongue is attached to the floor of oral cavity.
- B. It is uvula is present on pharyngeal wall
- C. It is a tonsil like structure on the lateral walls of palate
- D. It is V-shaped furrow which divides the surfaces of tongue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The frenulum is a fold of tissue that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
The cells of the epithelial lining in the vertebrate stomach are not damaged by HCl because of
- A. Mucus secretion covering the epithelium
- B. Neutralization of HCl by alkaline gastric juice
- C. HCl being dilute
- D. Epithelium being resistant to HCl
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucus secreted by gastric cells forms a protective barrier against HCl, preventing damage to the stomach lining.