Nokea
All of the following are elements of the postpartum breast assessment EXCEPT:
- A. firmness, tenderness, and redness
- B. engorgement and nipple soreness/cracking
- C. lumps indicating possible cancerous growths
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lumps indicating possible cancerous growths are not typically part of a routine postpartum breast assessment.
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The postpartum patient who has undergone a forceps-assisted vaginal delivery is at increased risk for
- A. postpartum hemorrhage
- B. eclampsia
- C. postpartum depression
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Forceps deliveries can increase the risk of trauma and bleeding, leading to postpartum hemorrhage.
Retroflexion, or backward flexion, is the normal position of the uterus.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. NA
- D. NA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Retroflexion is not the normal position of the uterus.
Shortly before menstruation:
- A. Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
- B. Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase
- C. Blood levels of FSH stabilize
- D. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before menstruation, blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease, leading to the shedding of the endometrium.
The layer of the uterus from which tissue is sloughed during menstruation is the:
- A. Endometrium
- B. Myometrium
- C. Parietal peritoneum
- D. Visceral peritoneum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that sheds during menstruation.
For both males and females, which is the first hormone secreted to initiate puberty?
- A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- B. Estrogen
- C. Testosterone
- D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH is the first hormone secreted to initiate puberty. It acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of FSH and LH, which then stimulate the production of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone. FSH and LH regulate the maturation of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. Estrogen and testosterone are produced in response to FSH and LH, so they are not the first hormones secreted to initiate puberty. Thus, GnRH is the primary hormone that kickstarts the puberty process by signaling the release of FSH and LH.