Nokea
Gas exchange in utero in the fetus is performed by the
- A. fetal heart
- B. fetal lungs
- C. placenta
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The placenta facilitates gas exchange between the mother and fetus, supplying oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.
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Which statement with regard to reproductive anatomy and physiology is inaccurate?
- A. Female patients who are past puberty and sexually active can become pregnant
- C. Puberty symptoms are more prominent in males than females.
- D. Females enter puberty earlier than their male counterparts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Puberty symptoms are actually more prominent in females than males due to the complex hormonal changes leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics. This is because the female reproductive system is more intricate and involves a more gradual and prolonged process compared to males. Choice A is true as sexually active females can indeed become pregnant. Choice D is also accurate as females generally enter puberty earlier than males.
The phenotypic sex is determined by:
- A. At fertilization by the male gamete
- B. At fertilization by the female gamete
- C. Around 6-10 weeks of gestation by the SRY gene
- D. By the activity of the androgen hormones on the indifferent genitalia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct:
1. During early development, all embryos possess indifferent genitalia.
2. Androgen hormones, like testosterone, influence the differentiation of these structures.
3. The presence of androgen hormones leads to the development of male genitalia.
4. Lack of androgen results in the development of female genitalia.
5. This process occurs after fertilization, not during fertilization.
In summary, choice D is correct as the phenotypic sex is determined by the activity of androgen hormones on the indifferent genitalia post-fertilization.
Choices A and B are incorrect because sex determination occurs post-fertilization, not during fertilization.
Choice C is incorrect as the SRY gene typically plays a role in sex determination but is not the primary factor influencing the phenotypic sex.
The recreational drug that most increases the risk of spontaneous abortion is
- A. marijuana
- B. methamphetamine
- C. MDMA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methamphetamine use poses significant risks to pregnancy, including miscarriage.
Infectious mastitis in the breastfeeding mother has which of the following characteristics?
- A. it is treated by cessation of breastfeeding
- B. it usually occurs within 48 hours of delivery
- C. it can often be prevented with proper breastfeeding technique
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper breastfeeding techniques can help prevent mastitis by ensuring adequate milk drainage.
The tube connecting the ovaries to the uterus is called the:
- A. Uterine tubes
- B. Oviducts
- C. Fallopian tubes
- D. All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Uterine tubes, oviducts, and fallopian tubes are all terms used to describe the same structure.