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All of the following are part of acute aortic syndrome, except
- A. Aortic dissection
- B. Acute aortic regurgitation
- C. Intramural hematoma
- D. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute aortic regurgitation is not typically considered part of acute aortic syndrome.
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The following are recognised features of achondroplasia:
- A. Shortened spine
- B. Increased liability to pathological fractures
- C. Can be diagnosed radiologically at birth
- D. Infertility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Achondroplasia can be diagnosed radiologically at birth. The spine is not shortened, fractures are not increased, and infertility is not a feature.
A 2-month-old male presents with tachycardia, dyspnea, tachypnea, and a gallop rhythm with no heart murmur. He was perfectly well until 1 day prior to the episode. The physical examination reveals a heart rate of 235, a temperature of 37.8°C, and a normal blood pressure with warm, well-perfused extremities. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. sepsis
- B. supraventricular tachycardia
- C. ingestion
- D. ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Supraventricular tachycardia can cause rapid heart rates and heart failure in infants.
The following conditions are associated with hyperammonaemia:
- A. Reye syndrome
- B. Citrullinaemia
- C. Methylmalonic acidaemia
- D. Homocystinuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reye syndrome is associated with hyperammonaemia due to liver dysfunction and impaired urea cycle function, leading to ammonia accumulation.
A client is brought to the ED by ambulance in cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in progress. The client is intubated and is receiving 100% oxygen per self-inflating (ambu) bag. The nurse determines that the client is cyanotic, cold, and diaphoretic. Which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?
- A. Breath sounds over bilateral lung fields.
- B. Carotid pulsation during compressions
- C. Deep tendon reflexes
- D. Core body temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing breath sounds ensures that the endotracheal tube is properly placed and that ventilation is effective, which is critical in a cardiac arrest situation.
The nurse is monitoring an infant with a congenital heart disease closely for signs of heart failure. Which early sign should the nurse be most concerned about?
- A. Pallor
- B. Cough
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Slow and shallow breathing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia is an early sign of heart failure in infants because the heart attempts to compensate for decreased cardiac output by increasing the heart rate.