Nokea
Renal childhood diseases responsible for chronic hypertension include
- A. nephrotic syndrome
- B. hemolytic uremic syndrome
- C. acute tubular necrosis
- D. congenital dysplastic kidney
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital dysplastic kidney is a common cause of chronic hypertension in children.
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A nurse cares for a client who has advanced cardiac disease and states, I am having trouble sleeping at night. How should the nurse respond?
- A. I will consult the provider to prescribe a sleep study to determine the problem.
- B. You become hypoxic while sleeping; oxygen therapy via nasal cannula will help.
- C. A continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, breathing mask will help you breathe at night.
- D. Use pillows to elevate your head and chest while you are sleeping.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevating the head and chest can reduce fluid accumulation in the lungs, improving breathing and sleep quality in clients with advanced cardiac disease.
Tall (>25 mm), narrow, and spiked P waves are seen in
- A. Ebstein anomaly
- B. ventricular septal defect
- C. patent ductus arteriosus
- D. severe mitral stenosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe mitral stenosis can cause tall, narrow, and spiked P waves due to left atrial enlargement.
What does the nurse explain that a ventricular septal defect will allow?
- A. Blood to shunt left to right, causing increased pulmonary flow and no cyanosis
- B. Blood to shunt right to left, causing decreased pulmonary flow and cyanosis
- C. No shunting because of high pressure in the left ventricle
- D. Increased pressure in the left atrium, impeding circulation of oxygenated blood in the circulating volume
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary blood flow is increased when a ventricular septal defect exists. The blood shifts from left to right because of the higher pressure in the left ventricle. This particular shift does not cause cyanosis.
How much bilirubin can be bound to 1 gm of albumin?
- A. 8.5 mg
- B. 9.8 mg
- C. 10.5 mg
- D. 13.6 mg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 1 gram of albumin can bind approximately 8.5 mg of bilirubin, which is important in managing neonatal jaundice.
Early features of heart failure in infancy include:
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Oedema
- C. Tachypnoea
- D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachypnoea is an early indicator of heart failure in infants, as the body tries to compensate for reduced oxygenation by increasing the respiratory rate.