Nokea
All of the following are protein bound except:
- A. Propranolol
- B. Atenolol
- C. Phenylbutazone
- D. Warfarin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atenolol has low protein binding; others bind extensively.
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A 24-year-old male received multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident that required significant amounts of opioid medication to treat his pain. He is at risk for a __ adverse drug reaction when he no longer requires the opioids.
- A. Rapid
- B. First-dose
- C. Late
- D. Delayed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Opioid withdrawal after heavy use is a Type E (end-of-use) ADR, but 'Rapid' fits the abrupt cessation context here, though not standard typology.
Bisphosphonates treat or prevent osteoporosis by:
- A. Inhibiting osteoclastic activity
- B. Fostering bone resorption
- C. Enhancing calcium uptake in the bone
- D. Strengthening the osteoclastic proton pump
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption; they don't foster resorption or enhance uptake .
When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what responsibilities would the nurse have?
- A. Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
- B. Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the drug study
- C. Monitoring and observing patients closely for adverse effects
- D. Conducting research to determine effectiveness of the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in which patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but would not conduct research independently because nurses do not prescribe medications. Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. Select patients who are involved in phase II studies to participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug action and adverse effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity.
Cough and cold medications that contain a sympathomimetic decongestant such as phenylephrine should be used cautiously in what population:
- A. Older adults
- B. Hypertensive patients
- C. Infants
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sympathomimetic decongestants like phenylephrine can raise blood pressure or cause adverse effects in older adults, hypertensives, and infants.
Which of the following drugs are mucolytics?
- A. Diphenhydramine
- B. Carbocisteine and mecysteine
- C. Methadone or diamorphine
- D. Atropine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbocisteine and mecysteine break mucus disulfide bonds, acting as mucolytics.